-
Period: to
Indo-Pakistani Relations
This timeline has the appropriate and important history of India and Pakistans wars, and peace talks from the conception of the Indian and Pakistani states and legacy of decolonization and colonization. Important factors include: nuclear warfare/testing, the four indo-pakistani wars, and peace agreements in between. -
Partition of British India
The Partition of British India is also known as India gaining its independence from Britiain. However, as the partition was created, India was seperated from Muslim Pakistan, which lead to a lot of secular/religious/and territorial tension. -
Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
The Kasmir War of 1947, which lasted until January 1st of 1949 was the first conflict between Pakistan and India over the region of Jammu and Kashmir. The war was predominantly over incidences of massacres and violence against and on behalf of Muslim states. The ruler of the state of Kasmir and Jammu was Hindo and signed an agreement to the Union of India, which allowed the Indian and Pakistani armies to enter the war afterwards. The war ended with a ceasefire laid out by the United Nations. -
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Picture Source Pakistan launched a covert offensive, violating the ceasfure agreement and line in Jammu and Kashmir (which was now Indian territory) and India retalitated. This was the second incident between the two countries. -
Tashkent Agreement of 1966
Prime Minister Lal Bahdaur Shastri and Pakistani President Ayub Khan sign an agreement at Tashkent agreeing to withdraw to pre-August lines and that economic and diplomatic relations would be restored. Image Source: http://www.kashmirlife.net/the-tashkent-agreement-12115/ -
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
For a third time, India and Pakista go to war, but over East Pakistan instead of Kashmir. This begins with political tension, as a West Pakistani government led by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto refuses to allow a Bengali whose party won the majority of seats in 1970, to assume premiership. -
Codename "Smiling Buddha"
India detonates a nuclear device codenamed "Smiling Buddha" and refers to it as a "peaceful nuclear explosive." Which only furthers tensions between India and Pakistan, especially as the legacy of the cold war is still fresh. https://www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan-project-history/Events/1945-present/proliferation.htm (Image Source) -
Armed resistance to Indian rule (Kashmir)
Armed resistance to Indian rule broke out in the Kashmir valley. India accused Pakistan of supplying weapons to the militants. Some of the militants wanted independence, while others called for reunion with Pakistan. Pakistan sided with the militants, giving it's moral and diplomatic support and the the issue was resolved by a UN sponsored referendum. Image Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/south_asia/2002/india_pakistan/timeline/1989.stm -
Nuclear Test Standoff (1998)
India detonates five nuclear weapons in Pokhran, which leads to Pakistan's response in detonating six nuclear weapons, which only led to international sanctions against both countries in order to restrict the use of such weapons and prevent another arms arce. Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokhran-II#/media/File:ShaktiBomb.jpg -
Indo-Pakistani War of 1999 (Kargil War)
In May, India launches air strikes against Pakistani forces that had infiltrated into the mountains of Kashmir (that India was still technically India's territory). Pakistan responded in kind, and continued the conflict between the two. Correspondents reported that about 20,000 people became refugees on the Indian side. Image Source: http://zeenews.india.co Image Source: http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/india-pakistan-were-close-to-annihilating-each-other-during-1999-kargil-war_1829717.html -
Composite Dialogue Talks Begin
A 'composite dialogue process' of bilateral meetings at all levels begins. In November, new Indian PM Manmohan Singh announces a reduction in troop deployments to Kashmir, which was seen as a large step in the process towards peace. Image Source: http://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/et-commentary/all-that-talk-about-talking-islamabad-and-its-2004-commitment/ -
End of Composite Dialogue Process
Pakistani PM Yousuf Raza Gilani and Indian PM Singh meet vowing to return to talks, but India rules out resumption of the Composite Dialogue Process. Image Source: http://indianexpress.com/tag/composite-dialogue/ -
Composite Dialogue Process Begins Again
Two of the countries secretaries meet in Nepal agreeing to restart the peace talks, regard all issues. Alongside that, India also announces to share information with Pakistan regarding a terror attack in 2001. This is a huge step, and to date, a very important step in the contemporary peace between the two countries. Image Source: http://nation.com.pk/national/10-Dec-2015/composite-dialogue-goes-comprehensive
