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Brown vs. Broad of Education
The U.S Supreme Court decided in the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case that is was unconstitutional for educational institutions to segregate children by race. This ruling set the ground for special education. -
Mainstreaming in the 1960's
Before the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) was enacted in 1975, most students with disabilities were excluded from school or did not receive services they needed in school. Students with mild disabilities were mainstreamed with students without disabilities. At this time the students were only attending the general education class and not really being instructed or taught. (Pearson, 2013) [https://www.masters-in-special-education.com/faq/what-does-mainstreaming-mean/] -
ESEA
In 1965, Lyndon B. Johnson legislated the Elementary and Secondary Educational Act (ESEA). This was one of the many acts that helped to form IDEA and the educational system we have today. The importance of the bill had initiatives for low-income families. This was a call for equal access to education for all students, but also federal funding for both primary and secondary education for students disadvantaged by poverty. -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act (VRA)
The VRA, is a civil rights law prohibits discrimination of individuals with disabilities in any program receiving federal funding. This applies to students in public and publicly supported schools. -
Regular Education Initiative (REI)
A movement during the 1980s to try and correct the limitations of IDEA by eliminating separate special education programs and creating one system of general education in which students with disabilities were to be supported within general education classrooms. -
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley
Supreme Court case concerning the interpretation of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. Amy Rowley was a deaf student, whose school refused to provide a sign language interpreter. [https://youtu.be/HpiqQ-jWw2w] -
EHA (Education of the Handicapped Act)
Extends free and appropriate education to children with disabilities. This act helped established an early intervention for infants/toddlers with disabilities. It also helped provide funds to state governments for the creation of educational programs and resources for students with disabilities. -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
ADA became a law in 1990, which is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. It also protects them in the private sector and protects equal employment opportunities for people with disabilities (including AIDS) as a disability. -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
Increases accountability and flexibility in the use of federal funds offers school choice options, implements early reading interventions. This ensures that students with disabilities receive a high-quality education. All students are expected to meet or exceed state standards in reading and math, he major focus of No Child Left Behind is to close student achievement gaps by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) 2004
In 2004 the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was reauthorized and changed the procedure of the Individualized Education Plan (IEP) in order to identify students at risk earlier in their education. -
Individualized Education Program (IEP)
By law, the IEP must include certain information about the child and the educational program designed to meet his or her unique needs. In a nutshell, this information is based on current performance. The IEP must state how the child is currently doing in school (known as present levels of educational performance). [https://youtu.be/TAmGWsZaJcQ]
