-
Period: 1509 to 1547
The reign of Henry VIII
- The Church of England separated from the Roman Catholic Church under his reign
-
1517
Martin Luther writing the Ninety-Five Theses
- It is a famous text that criticizes the Indulgences
-
1526
The Tyndale Bible
- The New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale
-
1534
Act of Supremacy
- King Henry VIII was made "Supreme Head of the Church of England"
-
Period: 1547 to 1553
The reign of Edward VI
-
1549
Publication of the Book of common prayer
- New revisioned mass-book used by protestants instead of using the catholic one
-
1553
Mary I (Tudor) became the first Queen of England
-
Period: 1553 to 1558
The reign of Mary I
-
Period: 1558 to
The reign of Elizabeth I
-
1559
Act of supremacy
- Queen Elizabeth I became "Supreme governor of the Church of England"
-
England's victory against the Spanish Armada
- Queen Elizabeth I supported the Dutch Revolt against Spain and won thanks to the powerful English fleet and sailors
-
Period: to
The reign of King James I of England and VI of Scotland
- Son of Mary Stuart Queen of Scots who was executed in 1587
- Held Calvinist views
-
The Gunpowder plot
- A conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parliament and kill James I
-
King James' Bible
- New English translation of the Bible
-
Period: to
The Thirty Years' war
-
Period: to
The reign of Charles I
-
Petition of Rights
- Members of Parliament requested the king to recognize the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation, billeting, marital law, and imprisonment without trial
- Wanted to get Charles to recognize that there were limits to his powers
-
Three resolutions
- Passed by members of Parliament, there were made to declare that people who tried to bring in Popery or Arminianism or to alter the protestant forms were enemies of the Kingdom
-
Period: to
The Personal Rule
- After King Charles dissolved the parliament because he didn't agree with the Three Resolutions
- He ruled for 11 years without a parliament
-
Period: to
The Scottish Crisis
- Scotland did not accept the introduction of the new prayer book in 1637, and this led to a war between England and Scotland
-
The Grand Remonstrance
- Document voted by Parliament, it listed all the wrongdoings of Charles I
- Parliament asked for new rights granting them more power over the king
-
The Irish Rebellion
- Because of James I's plantation policy, Scottish and English protestant colonists were allowed to take Irish catholics' lands
- The Irish catholics rebelled and massacred around 3000 protestants in return
-
Charles I declared war on Parliament
- There were many disagreements between the King and Parliament
- This led to the first civil war
-
Period: to
First civil war
- Opposed Parliamentarians to Royalists because they could not find common ground regarding the Grand Remonstrance
-
Period: to
Second civil war
- King Charles I allied himself with the Scots against his own country to regain his power over England
- This led to a series of revolts in the South of England, Scotland, and Wales
-
Abolition of Monarchy and House of Lords
- England was declared a Commonwealth (a republic)
-
Period: to
The Interregnum
- Time when there was no king to govern the country
-
Execution of King Charles I
- He was put on trial for high treason by the Rump parliament after he made war against his own country with the help of the Scots to win back his power
-
Period: to
England under Oliver Cromwell
- He was Lord General and Lord Protector
-
End of the Commonwealth and start of the Protectorate
- The Protectorate was a military dictatorship led by Cromwell
-
Declaration of Breda
- Charles II promised a general amnesty, a shared power with Parliament and religious toleration in return for the restoration of monarchy
-
Period: to
The reign of Charles II
-
Restoration of the monarchy
- King Charles II came to power
-
The Popish Plot
- Rumour of a plot organized by the French to murder Charles II and replace him by his Catholic brother James II
-
Period: to
The reign of James II
-
William of Orange seized the crown and became King
- Charles II's son-in-law was invited to seize the crown
- He came with an army but met no resistance
-
The Bill of Rights
- Fixed limitations of the sovereign's powers
- For example, no catholic was to inherit the throne, freedom of speech of Parliament etc...
-
Act of Union between England and Scotland
- Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
- Included England, Wales and Scotland