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1455
The Gutenberg bible was mass printed
The bible being printed led to an increase in mass printing. This led a printing revolution. There was an increase in literacy, and people became smarter. -
Jun 27, 1466
Bible is written in New German
When the bible was written in new languages, German specifically, many people were able to read it without the need of a priest/translator. This led to many new branches of Christianity being birthed, and some people turned to the Pope and looked at him like an antichrist. -
Period: Nov 1, 1478 to
Spanish Inquisition
The Inquisition led to great fear within protestant groups, the inquisition would find, torture, and possibly kill protestants. This period of time was very anti-protestant, and the inquisition would only prove to grow over the years and would randomly search villages and slaughter protestants. This caused a great increase of Catholics in Europe, but Spain in particular. -
Period: Aug 22, 1485 to
Reign of the Tudors
The reign of the Tudors was a confusing time for those in England, as the religion of the monarch kept changing and therefore the state religion. When the Catholic Bloody Mary took the throne she immediately executed all of the Lutheran priests and changed the state religion to Catholocism. She got the name Bloody Mary because of this and angered Lutherans in England after killing their priests and forcing them to leave. -
1488
Bartholomew Dias Reaches the Tip of Africa
Bartholomew Dias reaching the tip of Africa told the word that Africa does, indeed end. This led to many sailors using that route to go to Asia and bring back valuables. This also led to the end of the silk road and a near closure to all cross-country trade routes. -
Oct 12, 1492
Christopher Columbus Finds the Caribbean Islands
When Christopher Columbus discovered that there was a trade route to “India” he had no idea that he had discovered a whole new world. This led to a surging need to discover this “India” and obtain or spread God, gold, and glory. Although Christopher did not discover the new world, he lead the great need to chase riches from "India" which was really just the Caribbean. -
1493
Pope draws the line of demarkation
When the Pope drew the line of demarcation dividing Spanish and Portuguese territories. It caused Spain to circumnavigate the world and prove that the world was theirs. Spain made many discoveries along the coast of America. -
Sep 25, 1513
Vasco Nunez de Balboa finds Pacific ocean
Vasco Nunez finding the Pacific Ocean was massively impactful towards the expansion toward the western side of the planet. Many ships were drawn to the north and wanted to find a path over the Americas. This also brought ideas to curcum-navigate the world, and circum-navigation encouraged people that long voyages were indeed possible. -
Oct 31, 1517
95 Theses
The 95 Thesis led to the creation of a new protestant religion. The 95 Thesis led to an increase of protestant followers. They also grew the printing press' popularity after they produced his works on a large scale. -
May 26, 1521
Diet of Worms
The diet of Worms was very threatening and influential toward those who converted to Protestantism in the times of Luther. Luther was declared a heretic and his works were destroyed. Charles V also outlawed Luther and declared he must be brought to the king immediately, causing Luther to hide away for the rest of his life. -
Nov 8, 1521
Hernan Cortez Conquers Aztecs in the New World
When Hernan Cortez discovered the Aztecs in the new world it led to
the fall of the Aztec Empire, through a siege on their city. This occurred due to Cortez allying with other native groups and defeating the Aztec Empire. They were also super rich and had a surplus of gold, which boosted the Spanish bank. -
Period: 1526 to
Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave trade supplied slaves to the Americas and led to many years of slavery in the Americas. The slave trade also led to war among the Africans attempting to steal other people to sell to the colonizers. Many villages were pillaged and wars were held in Africa for towns to make more money. The Atlantic Slave Trade led to war in Africa and led to years of slavery in the Americas. -
Nov 16, 1532
Pissarro Destroys the Incas
After Pizarro discovered the Incas he took their king Atahualpa for ransom. Pizarro demanded that they fill the room that he had kept Atahualpa in two times with gold and silver. Pizarro also massacred over 5000 Incas and destroyed their temples and promoted God to the Incas. -
1534
Jaques Cartier Attempts to find North Western Passage Over Canada
Jaques Cartier attempting to find a North Western Passage over the new world failed. Although it marked it as a dangerous territory and allowed sailors to create more perfect routes around the new world. Jaques Cartier laid French Territory in Canada and was even named after him. -
1541
Calvinism Established
Calvinism being established led to an increase in the number of protestants in Europe. Many wars were fought over the worshipping of Calvinism, most prominently shown in the wars between the Netherlands and Spain. Finally, Calvinism's beliefs in predestination and God being the supreme authority being the first to lead these ideas. Calvinism led many other protestant religions toward the idea that God was the supreme power. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent was the formal Roman Catholic reply to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestant Reformation. The Council stated that they were separate from the other branches of Christianity. This was an attempt to revitalize the Roman Catholic Church. -
1549
Book of Common Prayer written
The Book of Common Prayer being written and printed gave the people a chance to learn their prayers, and connected medieval worship to renaissance worship. It also reinforced traditional worship and got the people more involved in their worship. The book of common prayer also shaped worship in the English language for the next 500 years. -
Mar 21, 1556
Thomas Cranmer Burned for Heresy
When Thomas Cranmer was burned for Heresy it led to fear among Protestants in Europe. This execution also led to much inspiration among protestants with his final statement being "Every man desireth, good people, at the time of their deaths, to give some good exhortation that others may remember after their deaths, and be the better thereby." -
Feb 18, 1559
Elizabethian Compromise Declared
The Elizabethian Compromise allowed religious tolerance in England. Religious tolerance led Spain to attack England with an armada of ships. Spain lost, thereafter many European countries converted to religious tolerance after God struck the armada down. -
1567
indulgences abolished
Luther says a lot about indulgences in the printings of the 95 theses. The 95 theses gain a lot of attention and caused the Catholic church to rethink the usage of indulgences. -
Feb 25, 1570
Pope Pius V Excomunicates England
When Pope Pius excommunicated England it led the other European countries to think that England was going to be zapped by God. After many years passed Spain took a step forward and sent the Armada to England. England won, which led to a protestant uproar as religious tolerance was proven to be ok. -
Aug 8, 1570
Peace of Sant Germain
After many civil wars in France between the Catholics and Huguenots. This was one of the many treaties signed between civil wars although this one was different because it was the first step toward both parties being satisfied with the conditions. The Peace of Saint Germain was the first step toward unification and led France to begin to know what the Huguenots want. -
Aug 24, 1572
Bartholomew's Day Massacre
The Bartholomew’s Day Massacre symbolized the pure hated that Catholics had toward Huguenots through this massacre. This led to a chain reaction throughout Europe to kill all of the Huguenots leading to the murder of hundreds to thousands of Huguenots all across Europe. This instilled fear among the surviving Huguenots, but also led to more rights and equality between the French Catholics and the Huguenots. -
Period: 1577 to 1580
Francis Drake's Circum-Navigation of the Globe
Francis Drake’s circumnavigation of the world proved that it is possible to make it to India going West, but also gave people hope and ideas for what they could really accomplish. Francis Drake also damaged the Spanish economy, as during his trip he plundered plenty of gold from Spanish ships. Francis Drake was also reported to the Spanish government and from then on they were hunting him, but could never capture him -
Francis Drake Sails to Spanish Ports and Sinks all of the New Spanish Ships
Francis Drake sailed to the Spanish ports to sink the newly built Spanish armada before it was sent to attack England. This event led to the further safety of England until they rebuilt the ships to attack again. This event also led to the discovery that Francis Drake was a hired pirate for England, contrary to what England had been telling Spain for years. -
the Spanish Armada invades England
When the Spanish Armada attacked England it was the decision-maker toward whether God permits religious tolerance or not. In short Francis Drake chased them into open water and many of the ships sunk in the two storms they encountered. It was from then on decided that Europe can accept religious tolerance without the punishment of God. -
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes was the very first working treaty between the Huguenots and Catholics in France. After the Edict of Nantes was torn up by Charles I revolution began again in France between the Catholics and Huguenots. This led to the execution of Charles I and the leadership of the commonwealth in Europe. -
Dutch East India Company Made
The Dutch East India Company was the first-ever company to accept shareholders. They led many of the large trading expeditions, they were able to do this through the unification of people to invest in ships. This was mainly possible because the Dutch East India company wired the money to the ships and they were able to collect things from the ships and pay off their shareholders through one entity. -
Period: to
The Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years War was a war that began in Bohemia over the Bohemian king attempting to force Catholicism over his nation, the protestant nobles rebelled and war began. By the 1630s almost all of Europe was involved in this religious war. When the war ended the Treaty of Westphalia was signed throughout the entirety of Europe, this treaty agreed to have no more religious wars ever again and as expected it did not last very long. -
The Roundheads Execute Charles I
The day that the roundheads executed Charles I was a sad day for all in Europe, they believed that Charles I had too many quarrels with parliament and they would not let it slide. They all knew that Charles I was a great king, but he abused the power of the divine right of kings.