History of the Internet

By BLudwig

  • CERN

    The European Organization for Nuclear Research is a European research organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. CERN's main function is to provide the particle accelerators and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics research – as a result, numerous experiments have been constructed at CERN through international collaborations.

  • ARPANET

    The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was an early packet-switching network and the first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. ARPANET was developed under the direction of the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).

  • Microsoft

    Microsoft Corporation (MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington. It develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers.

  • Apple

    Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. The company's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, the Apple TV digital media player, and the HomePod smart speaker.

  • USENET

    Usenet is a worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers. It was developed from the general-purpose Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP) dial-up network architecture. Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis conceived the idea in 1979, and it was established in 1980.

  • TCP/IP - Protocol

    The Internet protocol suite is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks. It is commonly known as TCP/IP because the foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). A protocol is a set of rules governing the format of data sent over the Internet or other network.

  • Domain Name System

    The Domain Name System is a hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network. The Domain Name System has been an essential component of the functionality of the Internet since 1985.

  • Windows 1.0

    Windows 1.0 is a graphical personal computer operating environment developed by Microsoft. The first mass-produced personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI) that enabled users to see user friendly icons on screen.

  • World Wide Web

    Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989, while working at CERN. The web was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for automated information-sharing between scientists in universities and institutes around the world.

  • Gopher

    The Gopher protocol is a TCP/IP application layer protocol designed for distributing, searching, and retrieving documents over the Internet. The Gopher protocol was strongly oriented towards a menu-document design and presented an alternative to the World Wide Web in its early stages, but ultimately Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) became the dominant protocol.

  • HTML

    Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications. Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render the documents into multimedia web pages.

  • Google

    Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. It is considered one of the Big Four technology companies, alongside Amazon, Apple and Facebook.

  • YouTube

    YouTube allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on videos, and subscribe to other users. It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos. Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers, live streams, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.

  • Facebook

    Facebook, Inc. is an American online social media and social networking service company. It is based in Menlo Park, California. Its was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes.