History of the Computer

  • Plankalkul

    Made by Konrad Zuse. First high-level programming language, designed for engineering calculation usage.
    Name is supposed to roughly mean “formal system” in German.
  • Fortran

    Made by John Backus. Built for engineering and scientific purposes, and other computationally-intensive workloads. Name is derived from “Formula Translation”.
  • MATH-MATIC

    Made by Charles Katz. Used on the UNIVAC 1 and 2. Mathematical calculations.
  • Lisp

    Made by John McCarthy. Pioneered modern computer science, including data structures and artificial intelligence.
  • COBOL

    Made by CODASYL, or the Committee on Data Systems Languages. Designed for business use-cases, like data processing. Stands for “common business-oriented language”.
  • RPG

    Made by IBM. Built for business applications as an IBM machine proprietary language. Stands for “Report Program Generator”.
  • BASIC

    Made by John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz. Stands for “Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code”. Built to be general purpose and easy to learn and use.
  • LOGO

    Made by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert, and Cynthia Soloman. It's a dialect of Lisp, mostly used for “turtle graphics”, a method of vector graphics.
  • B

    Made by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. Primarily used in non-numeric applications, like logical decision solving.
  • Pascal

    Made by Niklaus Wirth. Primarily used with complex data structures.
    Named in honor of French mathematician, Blaise Pascal.
  • C

    Made by Dennis Ritchie.Built for portability, and for operating systems and “embedded systems”. Usually superseded by newer language for regular use.
  • ML

    Made by Robin Milner. Used for statistical purposes and programming research. Means “Meta-Language”.
  • Ada

    Made by Jean Ichbiah. Named after Ada Lovelace, the first computer programmer. Used in critical military and civilian applications such as aviation and banking.
  • C++

    Made by Bjarne Stroustrup. General purpose. Specifically made for desktop applications and other applications that require performance efficiency. Considered "C with classes".
  • SQL

    Made by Donald Chamberlain and Raymond Boyce. Most notably used in databases and other things dealing with structured data. Common in backend web development. Stands for “Structured Query Language”.
  • Python

    Made by Guido van Rossum. Built for ease of learning and readability, and can be used in many applications, including web development, scientific computing, and information security exploits.
  • Visual Basic

    Made by Microsoft. Built for ease of learning. Not used often today, but can be used to easily automate tasks or make small applications.
  • Delphi

    Made by the Borland Software Corporation. Can be used for desktop, mobile, and web applications. Supports “rapid application development”.
  • Java

    Made by James Gosling and Sun Microsystems, now Oracle. General purpose language, built to not have many dependencies. Important for Android development.
  • JavaScript

    Made by Brenden Eich. Usually used to make webpages more interactive as the 3rd major frontend web programming language, but it has some other minor uses.
  • PHP

    Made by PHP Development Team and Zend Technologies. Commonly utilized for backend web development.
    Stands for “Personal Home Page”.