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1954 Brown vs. Board of Education
Brown vs. BOE was one of the first laws to indirectly support students with disabilities. This law forced equal education opportunities for all students focusing those days on more racial and ability aspects. This law stated that segregated schools were considered unconstitutional and not equal, this allowed African-American students to enroll to their neighboring school.
https://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/history-brown-v-board-education-re-enactment -
Kennedy/Shiver - Planning Amendments
President John F. Kennedy signed the Maternal & Child Health & Mental Retardation Planning Amendment. President Kennedy and sister Eunice Kennedy Shiver together changed the attitude of mental disabilities and started a pathway to invest more time and budget into this cause. The act would increase funding for facilities study preventive care of these disabilities, invest in prevention of these disabilities and also invest in training teachers and educating children with disabilities. -
PARC v. Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania association for retarded children vs commonwealth of Pennsylvania. This case argued that all children with a disability or not could not be denied entry and education at a free public school. This was the first court case to give equality to students with disabilities. This was in fight of laws that had put limits on educating students that did not reach a certain mental age academically and was picking and choosing who could enter free public schools. -
Education for all Handicapped Children Act
Education for all handicapped children act.This act was to make sure that students with disabilities would get one free meal a day from the school and would not be denied free access to the school. Some parents were encountering some students with disabilities being denied access to free public education b/c of their disability such as being blind or deaf. This act also designed the creation of the IEP and its goal. This Act would later become the IDEA Act in 1990. -
Timothy W. vs. Rochester
Rochester, N.H. denied free & public education because the school claimed Timothy not “capable of benefiting” from educ. and was not benefiting from the services. This case was taken to the supreme court after the district judge agreed with N.H. In the supreme court ruling the courts confirmed once again that ALL students had the right to access free public school & about this came the “zero reject” term to make it clear that there was no denying of education to students with disabilities. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Replacing the education of the handicapped act. This act would require FAPE to be available to all students with disabilities. FAPE is free & appropriate public education. This act also brought about the mandate to use IEP and IFSP for disabled students to organize/ be responsible for certain progress. Encouraging families to contribute in the IEP process. This act also started to change verbiage and would start to use the term “individuals w/ disabilities” instead of “handicapped child” -
1997 IDEA Amendments
These amendments show how our society began to pave a clear path for special education by making more clear demands. These amendments had definition of where students stand in regards to discipline. Creating an extension with FAPE, made it obligatory for states to still continue education for students who may have been suspended or expelled due to disciplinary issues. The act also mandated charter schools to provide accommodations for students w/ disabilities. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The NCLB law special education students were now obligated to take reading & math standardized tests from grades 3-8.The IEP team was left to decide how that assessment would take place. All students were required to make progress and special education was included in there as well. Each state was also given the ability to alternate assessments for students eligible that would not be able to assess through the state testing program.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OAxcGzmz6Q -
2004 IDEA Amendments
2004 IDEA Amendments -The 2004 IDEA amendments brought in more accountability into a student in special education. This act stated that special education teachers are required to be state certified and licensed with a bachelor’s degree. This also changed the wording in the IEP from “short term objectives to “annual objectives. This amendment also changed the age for special education students to begin school to work transition plans for students with IEPs to start at the age of 16. -
Americans w/Disabilities Act Amendments
This amendment changed the definition of the word “disability” adding more clarification and broadening aspects that increased the number of people that were eligible to be protected under ADA and federal laws. This was able to create more of a balance between employer and employee, it was felt that the employer had the upper hand for work discriminations.
Article: https://guides.ll.georgetown.edu/c.php?g=592919&p=4230126