-
Council for Exceptional Children
A professional organization concerned with the education of students with special needs. They wanted to develop innovative educational programming, have in-service teacher education, and have policies and efforts made to help children and youth with special needs. -
Brown v Board of Education
Though the case was about racial segregation, it dealt with the stigma attached to being educated separately and deprived students of other backgrounds. This case will start mainstreaming to get students with disabilities an equal education to their non-disabled peers. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
Signed by President Lyndon Johnson as a component to fight the war on poverty. It was the first time the federal government provided direct funding to the states to assist in educating specific groups of students, including students with disabilities. -
The Education of the Handicapped Act of 1970
The purpose was to expand previous federal grant programs and to continue funding pilot projects at the state level. It is supposed to initiate, expand, or improve programs for students with disabilities. It also provided funds to colleges to develop programs to train teachers of students with disabilities. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) b Pennsylvania
Court case challenged the students' equal protection of the law under the Fourteenth Amendment by delaying or ignoring their constitutional obligations to provide a publically supported education for students with disabilities. This led to the creation that students with mental retardation between 6-21 years old would be provided a free public education. -
Mills v Board of Education of the District of Columbia
On the basis that since segregation by race was illegal, it was unconstitutional to deprive students with disabilities from receiving an education. Ultimately creating a publically funded education opportunity for all students who have disabilities. -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
A section of the Rehabilitation Act prohibited any program receiving federal funding from discrimination based on a disability. It also provides a general guideline on what programs receiving federal funding must do to ensure nondiscrimination in education programs. -
Education for All Handicapped Children (EAHCA)
EAHCA created individual rights for people with disabilities. This included all students with disabilities being given free education, provided least restrictive appropriate placement, individualized and appropriate education to their unique needs, and procedural protections to ensure the requirements are met. -
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
ADA prohibited discrimination based on disability. Expands the protection of the Rehabilitation Act to both public and private schools. It also applies outside of schools, from voting to parking for people with disabilities. -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Formed from the EAHC, IDEA provides requirements for high expectations for students with disabilities. It requires schools to provide services that allow students with disabilities to progress in the general curriculum. IDEA also includes IEP requirements, transition requirements, and funding formulas. -
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
A way to provide more education opportunities for students. Mandates highly qualified teachers, accountability, and special educational programming to meet the standards. This focused on students who were "under-served" groups. This would include students with disabilities but also low-income and students of "major racial and ethnic subgroups". -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
Builds upon No Child Left Behind by increasing accountability for student performance at the classroom, school, and school district levels. It also included essential changes in IEPs, discipline, and identification of students with learnng disabilities.