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American Asylum for the Education and Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb
This was the first permanent special education school in the United States established in Hartford, CT. The term dumb referred to those children who were unable to speak. This school was opened due to parents wanted an education for deaf children. Instructions were given in sign (ASL was evolving); they taught math, reading, writing, geography, and the Bible. The school also offered cabinet-making, printing, needlework, and shoe-making.
http://www.disabilitymuseum.org/dhm/edu/essay.html?id=38 -
The School for the Deaf and The School for the Blind
These two schools were established in 1870. Their goal was to provide hearing and vision impaired students with a suitable education. -
States establish the compulsory education law
All states established the compulsory education law that began with Rhode Island in 1840. This educational act required all children to attend a public or private; the only exception was if the child was home schooled. The law stated that a child must start school at the age of six until at least 16 years old. -
Autism is introduced
Dr. Leo Kanner introduced Autism at John Hopkins. Leo Kanner conducted research describing individuals with social and emotional difficulties who also demonstrated withdraw behavior. Kenner introduced Autism as “Kenner’s syndrome”; later it was called Early Infantile Autism. Before his research it was considered a developmental retardation or schizophrenia.
https://www.spectrumnews.org/opinion/viewpoint/leo-kanners-1943-paper-on-autism/ -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) segregated public facilities according to race. The Supreme Court said that it was legal and constitutional if the facilities were equal; from here comes the term “separate but equal”. Oliver Brown filed a lawsuit against the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. The case stated that schools for black children were not equal to the schools for white children. The case was won by Brown; Brown vs. Board of Education abolished separate but equal in education. -
PARC vs. Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens wins against the Pennsylvania Commonwealth. Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) was established for every child with mental retardation from 6-21. Prior to this lawsuit, children with disabilities were denied public education. It was established that denying access to education to children with disabilities was unconstitutional. -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act was enacted to prohibit discrimination again people with disabilities. Section 504 prevents organizations and employers from denying people with disabilities and equal opportunity. It also defines the rights to participate in, and have access to, program benefits and services. Lastly, it protects individuals from discrimination. -
Specific Learning Disabilities is added (After EAHCA)
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 determines and defines what specific learning disabilities entail. It also establishes the process and evaluation in which a child has to go through to determine if the child has a disability. -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) was enacted. This act mandated that all public schools to accept federal funds to provide access to education for children with physical or mental disabilities. It ensured that especial education services will be available for those who needs them. -
No Child Left Behind
No Child Left Behind was established to set an educational standard for all children. It states that all students are in a proficient level on state tests. The NCLB also require states to have highly qualified teachers and a state certification. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0--2nhsDorg
