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History of Special Education
Significant events that change the course of education for students with disabilities. -
Council for Exceptional Education (CEC)
The International Council for the Education of Exceptional Children works to improve public policy affecting children and youth with disabilities and gifts and talents, their parents and the professionals who work with them, at all levels of government. Elizabeth E. Farrell was the Founder and first President,1922-26. For more information visit;
https://www.cec.sped.org/ -
The ARC of the United States
The Arc of the United States is an organization serving people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The organization was founded in the 1950s by parents of people with developmental disabilities.
For more information visit https://www.thearc.org. -
U.S. Suppreme case Brown v Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement, and helped establish the precedent that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not, in fact, equal at all.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka. -
President Kennedy's Maternal and Child Health and Mental Retardation Planning Amendments of 1963
Kennedy signed the Maternal and Child Health and Mental Retardation Planning Amendment to the Social Security Act, the first major legislation to combat mental illness and intellectual disabilities. The amendment incorporated many recommendations providing planning grants to enable states to update their intellectual disabilities programs. A second legislation also increased funding for facility construction, prevention, training and care of people with intellectual disabilities. -
PARC v Commonwealth of Pennslyvania
Counsel from Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC), claimed that certain state laws unconstitutionally denied a free publicly funded education to children with mental disabilities. PARC claimed school districts unfairly classified certain students as "uneducable and untrainable," and denied public education to students who did not reach the mental capacity of a 5-year-old by the time they turned 8 years old. http://mn.gov/mnddc/parallels2/one/sidebar/tomGilhool.html -
Section 504 Rehabilitation Act
Section 504 is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities. Section 504 ensures that the child with a disability has equal access to an education, and that the child may receive accommodations and modifications. -
FERPA
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) (20 U.S.C. § 1232g; 34 CFR Part 99) is a Federal law that protects the privacy of student education records. The law applies to all schools that receive funds under an applicable program of the U.S. Department of Education.
FERPA gives parents certain rights with respect to their children's education records. These rights transfer to the student when he or she reaches the age of 18 or attends a school beyond the high school level. -
IDEA
President Gerald Ford signed into law the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142) now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This landmark civil rights measure, opened public school doors for millions of children with disabilities and laid the foundation of the country’s commitment to ensuring that children with disabilities have opportunities to develop their talents, share their gifts, and contribute to their communities. -
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
This civil rights law prohibits discrimination based on disability. It affords similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, and other characteristics illegal. In addition, the ADA also requires covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities, and imposes accessibility requirements on public accommodations. -
No Child Left Behind 2001
The No Child Left Behind Act was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. All states must test students in reading and math in grades 3 through 8 and once in high school. And they must report the results, for both the student population as a whole and for particular “subgroups” of students, including English-learners and students in special education, racial minorities, and children from low-income families to receive federal school funding. -
Technologies impact on education
Technology is an important tool for the education process and preparing students for the future. Research has shown contributions to Equality for disadvantaged students, Future use in every aspect of the professional lives of current students. Social and globalization, promotion of healthy competition among peers in the classroom or across counties. Assessments can be done instantly with technology. Updatability, monetary and green saving all leading to brighter futures for all.
