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Cuyahoga Council for Retarded Children
Children classified as being disabled were not allowed to attened public schools. The Cuyahoga Council for Retarded Children was established to assist children who were not allowed to attend school. Reference:
The Association for Retarded Children. (2015). A History of the National Association of Retarded Children, Inc. Retrieved from: http://www.thearc.org/who-we-are/history/anonymous-account -
National Association for Retarded Children (ARC) 1950's
Parents with children with disabilities were told by doctors the best place for their child was in an institution. Parents formed a group to fight for a better life for their children with mental retardation or other developmental disabilities. This committee still continues to fight for equality today. Reference:
The Association of Retarded Children. (2015). The Power of Parents. Retrieved from: http://www.thearc.org/who-we-are/history -
Presidents Panel on Mental Retardation
President Kennedy created a panel of members to provide services for children and adults with mental retardation. This panel reaches across all three branches of government. Their mission is to establish policies and create new programs for people with mental retardation. This program continues today. Reference:
Krause, F. (1986). President's Committe on Mental Retardation: A Historical Review 1966- 1985. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act 1965
The Elementary and Seconday Education Act was signed into law by President Johnson in 1965. This law offered grants to low- income students, library books, new special education centers. The purpose of this law was to grant educational opportunity to all students. Reference:
Cross, C.T., & Education Commission of the, S. (2015). The Shaping of Federeal Education Policy over Time. The Progress of Educational Reform. Volume 16, Number 2. Education Commission of the States. -
Public Law 94-142 1975
The Education for All Handicaped Children Act (Public Law 94-142) This law was a huge step forward towards inclusion. Public Law 94-142 allowed students with disabilities to attend public schools. Campuses were not allowed to deny a handicapped child from attending their school. Reference:
Weintraub, F. J., Abeson, A., & Zettel, J. (1977). The End of the Quiet Revolution: The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. Exceptional Children, 44(2), 114-128 -
Board of Education vs. Rowley
Under this law, schools were required to provide disabled students with Free Appropriate Public Education in the least restrictive environment. Special needs students were to be in classrooms with nondisabled children as detailed in their IEP. With this law the term Free Appropriate Public Education was key and is still in practice today. Reference:
Board of Education of the Henrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowely. (2015). In Encyclopedia Britannica. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was formed to protect the rights of students with disabilities. It also provides additional special education services and procedural safeguards. Special education can include whole group, small group, or individual instruction, assistive technology, and speech therapy just to name a few. Reference:
National Research Center for ADHID. (n.d.). Retrieved from:http://www.help4adhd.org/en/education/rights/idea -
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 seeked to prohibit discrimination of people with physical and mental handicaps in both public and private locations. The statute emphasizes two major forms of discrimination: in employment and in physical barriers to buildings, transportation, and public services. Reference:
Lewis, T. T. (2014). Americans with Disabilities Act. Salem Press Encyclopedia, -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997
In 1997 President Clinton signed into law the new amendments of the Individuals with Disabilties Education Act. A few of the new amendments include: strengthening the role of the parents, ensuring access to the general eduation class, , addressing the cost of special education, and appropriate identification- no mislabeling because of race or ethnicity. Reference:
Yell, M.L., & Shriner, J. G., (1997). The IDEA Amendments of 1997. Focus on Exceptional Children, volume 30(1). -
No Child Left Behind
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was created to improve elementary public schools. It also addresses student performance and increased accountability for schools, districts, and states. This law has played a role in addressing the gaps of students with special needs and making teachers and districts take a deeper look at how they are serving and addressing their special needs students. Reference:
Diorio, G. L. (2015). No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. Research Starters: Education (Online)
