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American School for the Deaf
This was the first permanent school established in the United States for the deaf. This school focused on providing all-inclusive educational programs and services for students who were hard of hearing. At this school, students are taught the value of equality and respect and are able to get an education that will allow them to grow. -
Gallaudet University
A private university located in Washington DC. This college is to help educate the deaf and hard of hearing and today is still the only college that has all programs and services specifically designed to accommodate deaf and hard of hearing students. In this bilingual college, they teach American sign language and English. -
Beattie V. Board of Education
A student named Merritt Beattie was expelled from a classroom because of his physical disability. Beattie's academic progress was not affected by his disability. The supreme court sided with the school district and allowed students with disabilities to be excluded from class if they were considered a distraction.
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Cuyahoga Coun. for Retarded Citizens
In 1933, five mothers traveled to Cuyahoga Ohio. Their children had been expelled from public school because of their special needs so these mothers came to advocate for their children. This led to a special education class being created for the children. Although the parents sponsored the class, it was still an improvement. -
PA Assoc for RTD Child V. CWOPA
This lawsuit granted children with disabilities the right to access free public education and protected them in school. This lawsuit also gave parents the right to be part of decisions that concerned their child's schooling. Parents of disabled children had the right to be notified of pending evaluations, suspensions, grade placement, and when services ended. This allowed parents to advocate for their children to receive the best education possible. -
Mills V. Board of Ed of DC
During this court case the state agreed that all children should have access to education and classes regardless of their mental, behavioral, physical, or emotional handicaps or deficiencies. The state said that as soon as Congress gave the funds, students could begin classes. However, the court said that students with disabilities should be given access to public education even when they're unable to pay the cost of the education. -
The Rehabilitation Act
Federal financial support programs provided protection for people with disabilities. Under this law, any organization, program, or activity that received federal funds wasn’t allowed to discriminate against someone based on their disability. This was the first civil rights law that laid the foundation for laws that would protect and provide solutions for students with special needs. -
Ed for all Handicapped Children Act
This mainstreaming law required states to guarantee children with disabilities a free and appropriate public education. From the ages of five to eighteen, students were provided with individualized education programs to help them succeed. These programs helped establish parent involvement since they adopted the use of IEPs. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The federal government provided schools with extra funding to ensure that every child was improving in their education each year. They made it a priority to improve the performance of students in special education, English language learners, and children from disadvantaged backgrounds. If the students didn’t show progress, the government would hold the teachers accountable, and the schools would lose the government money.
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Indiv With Disabilities Ed Improv Act
States were required to establish special needs programs. Each student had to have an individualized education program where they could be assessed in an unbiased environment. Each student also has the option of being in separate classrooms or learning from home so they could learn and grow in the least restrictive environment. This law ensured that all children had access to education and services that were suited to their specific needs. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
This act replaced the NCLB and although they are still very similar, this law provided alternative opportunities for students who were still struggling in school and getting low scores in academic areas. Instead of this act being under federal control, the responsibility was now switched to state and local control. This allowed states to monitor students' progress in reading, math, and science and make decisions based on their scores.