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Fourteenth Amendment
One of the Reconstruction Amendments that formed the basis of special education. Defines citizenship, guarantees privileges and immunities, and guarantees due process and equal protection of law. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Segregation based on race prohibited in public schools. Would later extend rights to other groups that had been subjected to discrimination. -
Department of Public Welfare v. Haas
State supreme court ruled that compulsory attendance laws did not apply to students who were "feeble minded" or "mentally deficient." -
North Carolina State Law
Made it a crime for parents to persist in sending a child with disabilities to public school after being excluded. -
Education of the Handicapped Act
Provided various special education grants -
PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Required FAPE for students with mental retardation. -
Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia
Determined it was unconstitutional to segregate or exclude students with disabilities. -
Rehabilitation Act (Section 504)
Prohibited discrimination of people with disabilities from federally funded programs. -
Education for all Handicapped Children Act
Required FAPE, LRE, IEPs, and procedural safeguards. -
Handicapped Children's Protection Act
Decided that parents could recover legal fees if case was found in their favor. -
Amendments to the Education of Handicapped Children Act
Provided for and required early intervention services. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Added eligible disability categories, required transition plans for students 16 and older, utilized person-first language.