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E.S.E.A (Public Law 89-10)
Granted federal funding for public education for students with disabilities, free and reduced lunches, and more teachers in disadvantaged areas. This act guarantees equal opportunity for all students no matter background, color, or handicap. Ranging in opportunities to numerous programs that assist low-income families have access to high-quality educational opportunities. (Vaughn et al., 1999) -
P.A.R.C v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
The state of Pennsylvania was sued by PARC on behalf of 14 families with intellectually disabled children. They were unable to enroll them in public schools due to their child's disability. The Supreme Court became one of the first legislatures to affirm that people with intellectual disabilities from birth are entitled to equal access to education. P.A.R.C Case -
V.R.A (Public Law 93-112, Section 504)
This act forbids prejudice against those with disabilities in federal and governmental programs and services. Expanding federal responsibilities and efforts for research and training programs for people with disabilities. Putting a priority on services for people with severe disabilities; removing barriers in the workplace, public transit, and architectural environments. (Vaughn et al., 1999) -
Mainstreaming Law
Schools must recognize a child's special needs, create an individualized education plan for the child, work with the child's parents, and educate the handicapped child alongside nonhandicapped children. States are required to offer children with disabilities a free and adequate public education. This law pertains to children 5 to 18 only. Mainstreaming Law -
The Rowley Decision/ Board of Educ. V. Rowley
Amy’s I.E.P (individualized education program) specified for a sign-language interpreter. After a trial period, the interpreter claimed that Amy did not need his assistance and after that conclusion the Rowley’s filed a legal action against the school. The decision made after this trial was to emphasize tailored instruction to be given to kids who are eligible for special education programs to address their individual needs. Rowley -
Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments
This law mandates that children from ages 3 to 5 will be provided by the states free, suitable education for children with disabilities. It also create early intervention programs for infants and toddlers with disabilities. The purpose to improve education for young children with certain learning handicaps. (Vaughn et al., 1999) -
I.D.E.A (Public Law 101-476)
This act improves special education programs by including social work, assistive technology, and rehabilitation services. Additionally, it establishes the use of "people-first" terminology when addressing people with disabilities. By the time the children turn 16, states must provide bilingual education programs, transition assistance, and training on how to integrate students with disabilities into the workforce as well as have a customized transition plan(s) created. (Vaughn et al., 1999) -
The Americans with Disabilities Act
This act states people with disabilities are protected and guaranteed equal access to public services, employment opportunities, transportation, and telecommunications. Discrimination against them in the private sector is also prohibited. Giving equal opportunities for people with disabilities and no unfairness or better treatment from American with disabilities or no disabilities. (Vaughn et al., 1999) -
I.D.E.A (Public Law 105-17)
This law emphasizes the requirement that all students with disabilities get school assistance even if they have been expelled from the institution. Staff members who specialize in special education may offer help to general education students taking classes in regular classes. Requires that if a student has behavioral issues, an IEP for a kid with disabilities must contain a proactive behavior management plan. (Vaughn et al., 1999) -
I.D.E.A (Public Law 108-446)
Removes the requirement that a student must have a major achievement and intellectual ability in order to be eligible for the response-to-intervention (RTI) model. Which districts can now employ to evaluate if a kid has a specific learning disability. Increases government support for initiatives that provide early intervention services to kids who don't need special education or additional services and expand the requirements for special education teacher certification. (Vaughn et al., 1999) -
Rosa's Law
A federal law, which Barack Obama signed to change the definition of certain terms. References to "a mentally retarded individual" with "an individual with an intellectual disability." and changing definition of "handicapped person." It was implemented in the Department of Education. Introduced in 2009 but passed in 2010. Rosa