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Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was a case in which Supreme Court ruled that segregation was not constitutional. This case established the principle of equal educational opportunity for all students. This case paved the way for the protection of the rights of individuals with disabilities receiving education from public schools. This case was the first to initiate the idea that it was merely impossible to be equal while being segregated. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
This law was passed to protect and and provide for students for students from disadvantaged backgrounds, in order for them to receive equal access to public education.ESSA strived to improve educational opportunities for disadvantage students by ensuring that all students' basic needs were met in order to fully benefit from their education. -
Education of the Handicapped Act (P.L. 91-230)
This law was passed as a revision of ESEA, continuing to provide equal opportunities in education for handicapped children including one free meal a day. This law prohibited handicapped children from being excluded from public schools. It encouraged state-run programs for individuals with disabilities as well as an educational plan with parent input. -
Diana v. State Board of Education
Here was a case in which the use of tests to place students was again challenged. Diana, a Spanish-speaking student in Monterey County, California, had been placed in a class for mildly mentally retarded students because she had scored low on an IQ test given to her in English. The court ruled that Spanish-speaking children should be retested in their native language to avoid errors in placement. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) sued the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for a state law that allowed public schools to deny education to children with disabilities. The District Court judge deemed that no child eligible for a publicly supported education could be denied education. The children had the right to an equal alternative tailored to the their needs. The exclusion of children with disabilities was deemed unlawful. -
Rehabilitation Act (Section 504)
This civil rights act ensures that individuals with disabilities are not discriminated against or excluded from any program that is receiving federal funds. Section 504 protects students with conditions and illnesses that are not necessarily covered by I.D.E.A. Section 504 provides qualified students with appropriate accommodations such as visual aids, enlarged prints, extended time on tests or assignments. https://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/section-504-2/ -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142)
This law was passed to require all public schools receiving federal funds to provide equal access to education for children with physical and/or intellectual disabilities. Schools were required to provide all children with a free appropriate education regardless of their disability. Students with learning disabilities needs were required to be identified and would be provided special education. -
Board of Education v. Rowley (New York)
This court case rule that not only are special education students required to receive FAPE, but they also have the right to receive free appropriate services in a general education classroom setting. Services such as a sign language interpreter, enable students with disabilities to be taught in a general education classroom setting. -
Honig v. Doe
This was a case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the California school Board had violated the Education for All Handicapped Children Act for expelling a student for his violent disruptive behavior due to his disability. This court case ruled that schools cannot expel students for behaviors related to their disability. -
Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
American's with Disabilities Act, is a civil rights law that prohibits
discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public. ADA 's purpose is to assure that every person in the community with disabilities, has the best access to buildings, public transportation, and communication. https://civilrights.findlaw.com/discrimination/the-americans-with-disabilities-act-overview.html -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is a federal law that ensures every student with a disability receives a Free Appropriate Public Education, to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education. The school sysytem will help create a personalized strategy designed to meet the needs of each student's Individualized Education Program so that each student can be placed in the Least Restrictive Environment.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66g6TbJbs2g -
Oberti v. Board of Education of the Borough of Clementon School District
This court case established inclusion with supplementary aids and services. It also established that if placement outside the classroom is necessary, the school district must then include the child in as many school programs with children who do not have disabilities “to the maximum extent appropriate.” -
Amendments to IDEA of 1997
The Amendments to IDEA in 1997, brought changes such as the way evaluations are conducted for students with disabilities, parent participation in eligibility and placement decisions, as well as the addition of transition planning. Another revolutionary change was the development of IEP's that encouraged inclusion of students with disabilities in the general education classroom with appropriate aids and services. Guidelines for disciplining students with disabilities were also created. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)
The 2004 re-authorization included additional improvements regarding personnel qualifications, assessments, and IEPs. The improved guidelines included Zero reject/free appropriate education, Child Find, Age, Non-discrminatory evaluation, IEP, Least Restrictive Environments, Confidentiality of records and Due Process.
