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Brown vs. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. You can find more information here:
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
Elem. and Sec. Education Act
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was a cornerstone of President Lyndon B. Johnson's “War on Poverty”. This law brought education into the forefront of the national assault on poverty and represented a landmark commitment to equal access to quality education. -
Diana vs. State Board of Education
Prior to the case of Diana v. CA State Board of Education, one language was used to assess students for an intellectual disability, which was English. This case challenged the use of English-only IQ tests to determine the placement of students in special education. Their objective was to have the students retested for special education in their primary language. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded
This case settled before the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pa., resulting in a consent decree in which the state agreed to provide free public education for children with mental retardation. That decree and many of the procedural protections in it became the basis for the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142) enacted in 1975. -
Rehabilitation Act (Section 504)
Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act was the first disability civil rights law to be enacted in the United States. It prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal financial assistance and set the stage for enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act. -
Board of Education vs. Rowley
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176, is a United States Supreme Court case concerning the interpretation of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. Amy Rowley was a deaf student, whose school refused to provide a sign language interpreter. You can watch a video to learn more about the case, here:
https://study.com/academy/lesson/board-of-education-of-the-hendrick-hudson-central-school-district-v-rowley-in-1982.html -
Honig v. Doe
Honig v. Doe was an important court case in the history of education, particularly for emotionally and developmentally disabled students. The case centered on two students, John Doe and Jack Smith, who were suspended indefinitely as part of expulsion proceedings. You can learn more about the case as well as listen to the hearing, here:
https://www.oyez.org/cases/1987/86-728 -
Americans with Disabilities Act: Title II
Title II of the ADA prohibits discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities in all programs, activities, and services of public entities. It applies to all state and local governments, their departments and agencies, and any other instrumentalities or special purpose districts of state or local governments. You can learn more about Title II here:
https://adata.org/learn-about-ada -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is a four-part piece of American legislation that ensures students with a disability are provided with Free Appropriate Public Education that is tailored to their individual needs. -
Amendments to IDEA
The Amendments to IDEA in 1997, brought changes such as the way evaluations are conducted for students with disabilities, parent participation in eligibility and placement decisions, as well as the addition of transition planning. Another revolutionary change was the development of IEP's that encouraged inclusion of students with disabilities in the general education classroom with appropriate aids and services. Guidelines for disciplining students with disabilities were also created. -
Ind. with Disabilities Edu. Improvement Act
The 2004 re-authorization included additional improvements regarding personnel qualifications, assessments, and IEPs. The improved guidelines included Zero reject/free appropriate education, Child Find, Age, Non-discriminatory evaluation, IEP, Least Restrictive Environments, Confidentiality of records, and Due Process.
