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Pennsylvania Association of retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Special education for children with intellectual disabilities was provided. Commonwealth could not deny any children with disabilities from free public program of education and training. Also, publicly supported educational programs to tailor to their needs were provided. -
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
Seven children living in the District of Columbia were denied the right of education due to their disabilities. There were no available solutions for the students as well as other students with special needs. As a result, extended special education rights to children with all types of disabilities were provided. -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act (VRA)
This act defines a handicapped person and appropriate education for them. For federally funded programs, discrimination is prohibited. Helps people with disabilities to reach their post-secondary education, employment, and independent living by providing different kinds of services. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
States are required to provide free and appropriate education to children with disabilities from ages 5 to 18-years old. Individualized education programs (IEPs) are required. It is first defined as a least restrictive environment. -
Education of Handicapped Act Amendments:
Congress made a law and President Reagan signed the law on October 8, 1986. States are required to provide free and appropriate education to children with disabilities from ages 3 to 5-years old. Early intervention programs are provided for infants and toddlers with disabilities at the ages from birth to 2 years old. -
Honig v. Doe
John Doe was a student with emotional disabilities, which included impulse-control and anger issues. John Doe thought that his rights in the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) were violated by the school district, saying that he was denied right to public education. In a result, schools are prevented from expelling students relating to their behaviors due to their disability.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koh5PiiK8qM -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Prohibits discrimination within people with disabilities in the private sector. Protects equal opportunities in employment, public services, accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications. AIDs was included as a disability. -
Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Greater responsibilities for schools to ensure that students with disabilities to have access to the general education curriculum. Expelled students with disabilities are still required to receive services. Through age 9, it allows the use of developmental delay category. There is access to general education curriculum and state/district-wide testing. It offers many services such as an IEP team of general education teacher, behavior plan, mediation options, and limits attorney fees. -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
To ensure that no child is in a failing school, a framework on how to improve performance of America’s elementary and secondary schools were created. Accountability increased, greater flexibility for school districts, states, and schools. Schools are responsible for academic progress of all students.
https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/your-childs-rights/basics-about-childs-rights/no-child-left-behind-nclb-what-you-need-to-know -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)
RTI model to determine the presence of a learning disability. Federal funds increased in order for early intervention services for students who do not have to take special education. It raised special education licensure standards and adopted policies in order for over-representation of minority students in special education from happening. It has a least restrictive environment.
