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Council for Exceptional Children
The Council for Exceptional Children is the first advocacy group for children with disabilities. The CEC is one of the largest special education advocacy groups. The main objective of this group is to ensure that children with special needs receive FAPE -
National Association for Retarded Citizens
The National Association for Retarded Citizens came about. NARC was formed by 23 individual advocacy groups that had the same belief so they came together as one. During the passing of IDEA, the NARC consisted of over 200,000 members. NARC helped with litigation and making sure that all parts of the judicial process were met. -
Brown v. Board of Education
A landmark court case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson case saying that “Separate is not equal”. This court case brought attention to black v. white’s in school and special need students v. general education students. This case encouraged the formation of many advocacy groups to inform the public of need of special education programs -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Sided in favor of students with intellectual and learning disabilities in state-run institutions. PARC v. Penn called for students with disabilities to be places in publicly funded school that met their individual educational needs, based on a proper and through evaluation. the case was that all children, whether having an intellectual disability or not, could benefit from any type of free education.not having free educational resources will negatively affect the way a child develops. -
Section 504
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act allows protection from discrimination of special needs and disabilities. Tis law is considered the first law giving protection to students with special needs. This law includes FAPE and LRE. Students are eligible when they have either a physical or mental disability that inhibits their learning experience.
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Education for All Handicapped Children Act
EAHCA included providing free educations, special education for children 3-21, supplemental services, due process, zero reject, and least restrictive environment. PL 94-142 also contains a provision that disabled students should be placed in the least restrictive environment-one that allows to interact with non-impaired students. Separate schooling may only occur when the nature or severity of the disability is such goals cannot be achieved in the regular classroom https://youtu.be/DUn6luZQaXE -
Least Restrictive Environment
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) means that with a student’s IEP, they must also be in as many regular education classes as possible. This ensures that the student has social experiences. In LRE classrooms paras and aids are usually required. The word “environment” makes LRE sound like a place. But it is more about your child’s educational program. Where your child learns is only one piece of the program. -
EAHCA Amendments
EAHCA's amendments include an early intervention program to include infants and toddlers (birth to three program), authorized grants, clarified parental rights, and allowed interagency agreements to allow for transitioning students (Woods, 2006). The amendments aren't fully implemented until September of 1994, but the amount of children in this part of the EAHCA has grown significantly since (Woods, 2006). -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law by President George W. Bush. The act promises people with special needs will have the same rights as everybody else. This includes both school and work. This act also stated that people with special needs cannot be discriminated against in schools, the workplace, and everyday society such as public transportation -
No Child Left Behind Act
No Child Left Behind was signed into law by President George W. Bush. This law states that all students should be proficient in math and reading by 2014. This law had some states asking to not be part of it. Some schools have been caught falsifying scores while others took it seriously and reported if they were not proficient
