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History of Education: Special & Inclusive
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Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965: The act provided federal grants to state educational agencies to improve the quality of education in elementary and secondary schools. It supports low-income families the opportunity to high-quality education along with the programs. As well as it provides those who are at a disadvantage additional teachers in the school and free and reduced lunches to students. -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act
Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973: This act prohibits discrimination against disabled workers in federally funded programs. It protects qualified individuals regarding their job/work. It establishes specific and special responsibilities to employers such as they would have to make reasonable accommodations with respect for disabled employees. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Education for All Handicapped Children Act 1975: The act supported the right for all children to have access to a free appropriate public education to students with disabilities (ages 5-18) in a least-restrictive environment based on the individual education plan. This is required for all public schools that accept federal funds. Also, it ensures that all handicapped children in public schools will get access to education along with one free meal each school day. -
Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School v. Rowley
Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School v. Rowley 1982: Amy Rowley was a deaf student who was denied the provision of a sign language interpreter. Her parents claimed that she was being denied an appropriate education. This case defined the idea of Free ad Appropriate Education (FAPE) which offers students with disabilities the free legal right to unique education including related services. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990: This act aims to protect employers with disabilities including AIDS and the opportunities they face at work. It prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in the private sector. It secures the equal opportunity to employment and public services, accommodations at work, transportations, and telecommunications such as a translator. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 1990: The act ensures free appropriate public education and expands special education services to eligible children with disabilities such as but not limited to autism, traumatic brain injury, and speech and language impairments. This allows students to proper accommodation without discrimination. With this, schools must evaluate and find students who are thought to have disabilities all while being free at no cost to families. -
No Child Left Behind Act
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001: The act provided a structure to improve the performance and flexibility within the K-12 public education system by demanding higher test scores and focused on educational methods to ensure that it closes student achievement gaps. Its main motive was to provide all children an equal and fair opportunity within their district and a way to not “leave them behind” from a good education. https://youtu.be/0--2nhsDorg -
The International Association for K-12 Online Learning (iNACOL)
The International Association for K-12 Online Learning (iNACOL): This is a non-profit organization dedicated to improving students’ access to educational opportunities through online education. It provides a mixture of online, blended and competency learning programs. It focuses on meeting students’ needs by implementing new learning models and supporting national quality standards and policies. -
Winkelman v. Parma City School District
Winkelman v. Parma City School District: Parents of Jacob Winkelman claimed that Parma City School District failed to provide their son a “free appropriate public education” as stated in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The school took the blame for failing to help Jacob the best of their ability due to increased budget cuts. The Supreme Court opened the door for parents to pursue IDEA claims in order to help ensure that their children receive adequate care and education. -
Further Guidance for Closing Achievement Gaps and Creating Safe Spaces for Learning
The Florida Department of Education set up a guided framework for Florida schools to follow up regarding the opening of schools during COVID-19. It gives districts on how to prioritize the health and safety of teachers, staff, students, and families all while in favor of providing the best virtual education for students. They addressed specific plans for every school district in Florida on their website.
http://www.fldoe.org/em-response/
