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First Special Education School
The first special education school was the school now called the American School for the Deaf, then the American Asylum for the Education and Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, in Hartford, Connecticut in 1817 -
American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR)
American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR)○AAMR now known as the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) was formed to advocate for individuals with disabilities rights. This brought more awareness to the difficulties that disabled individuals were facing and brought more equality to them. -
Council for Exceptional children (CEC)
Since 1922, the Council for Exceptional Children has been a national organization advocating for children who are gifted an/or talented, or who have disabilities. Based in the Washington, D.C. area since its inception, CEC is a strong advocate for parents, teachers and administrators of special education as well. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retard Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Children with intellectual disabilities did not have the right to a public education. In fact, Pennsylvania state law allowed public schools to deny services to children “who have not attained a mental age of five years” by the start of first grade. Challenged the constitutionality of excluding individuals with mental retardation from public education and training.The state was not allowed to "deny to any mentally retard child access to a free public program of education and training." -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act (VRA) (Public Law 93-112,section 504)
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is the federal law that approves grants to states for vocational rehabilitation services, supported employment, independent living, and client assistance. The Rehabilitation Act also includes a set of rules focused on rights, advocacy, and protections for people with disabilities. https://www.eeoc.gov/rehabilitation-act-1973-original-text -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) (Public Law 94-142,Part B)
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was enacted by the United States Congress in 1975. This act required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities. Public schools were required to evaluate children with disabilities and create an educational plan with parent input that would emulate as closely as possible the educational experience of non-disabled students. -
Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central school district v. Rowley
Amy Rowley was a hard of hearing child who attended kindergarten at a public school in New York. Before she started school though, her parents, who were also hard of hearing, met with school administrators to create a plan for Amy's education. They agreed that a sign language interpreter would be provided to help Amy succeed in class. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Board-of-Education-of-the-Hendrick-Hudson-Central-School-District-v-Rowley -
American with Disabilities Act( ADA) (Public Law 101-476)
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 or ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. In addition, unlike the Civil Rights Act, the ADA also requires covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities, and imposes accessibility requirements on public accommodations. https://youtu.be/TuZadMDve-E -
IDEA
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a law that makes available a free appropriate public education to eligible children with disabilities throughout the nation and ensures special education and related services to those children. IDEA requires a general education teacher to be a member of the IEP team. Students with disabilities can take part in statewide and districtwide assessments. It also limits the conditions under which attorneys can collect fees. -
Cedar Rapids v.Garret F. Garret
When Garret was four years old, his spinal column was severed in a motorcycle accident. Though paralyzed from the neck down, his mental capacities were unaffected. He is able to speak, to control his motorized wheelchair through use of a puff and suck straw, and to operate a computer with a device that responds to head movements. Garret was a student in the Cedar Rapids Community School District. https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/118269/cedar... -
No Child Left Behind Act (Public Law 107-110)
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2002 (NCLB) was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students. It supported standards-based education reformbased on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals could improve individual outcomes in education. https://www.understood.org/.../no-child-left-behind-nclb-what-you-need-to-know