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Brown v. Board of Education
State-mandated segregation of the races in the schools denied Black students admission to schools attended by White students. The plaintiffs maintained that the practice of segregating schools was inherently damaging to the educational opportunities of minorities, that segregated public schools were not, and could not, be made equal, and that segregated public schools violated Black students' constitutional rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. -
Department of Public Welfare v. Haas
The Supreme Court of Illinois rules that free public education is not required for "feebleminded" or "mentally deficient" people. They stated that mentally challenged individuals would not reap benefits from a good education. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
This bill was created to shorten the achievement gaps between students by providing each child with fair-equal opportunities to achieve an exceptional education. Initiatives for low-income families apply to children who need support to benefit from public school education. -
Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of PA
PARC was sued by Commonwealth of PA over a law that gave public schools the authority to deny a free education to children who had reached the age of 8, yet had not reached the mental age of 5. The law had also been used by the state on multiple occasions to deny free public education to children who had a hard time integrating into classroom environments and schools.
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Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act is what could be considered the beginning of what special education looks like today. This legislation requires that all children have the right to a free appropriate public education (FAPE). Services start at age 3 and end at age 21. The law provides federal funding to each state. Also, the law requires that the child with a disability is placed in the least restrictive environment. 4 -
Honig v. Doe
The EAHCA states that unless the state, local educational agency and the parents or guardians of a disabled child otherwise agree, “the child shall remain in the then current educational placement.” It also prohibits schools from unilaterally removing students from the educational setting if their misconduct is related to their disability -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Amendment P.L. 94-142 renamed the EAHCA law to IDEA. The amendment now emphasized the person first, including the renaming of the law to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Also, students with autism and traumatic brain injury were identified as a separate and distinct class entitled to the law's benefits. As well as now including a transition plan for every student's IEP by age 16 years of age. Link text -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
The ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. The purpose of the law is to make sure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. -
Cedar Rapids v. Garret F.
Congress intended the IDEA to “open the door of public education” to all qualified students and to require school boards to “educate handicapped children with non handicapped children whenever possible.” Under the IDEA and the court’s own precedent, the justices ruled that a school board must fund such related services to help guarantee that students. -
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
a. An act that provides a framework on how to improve the performance of America's elementary and secondary schools while at the same time ensuring that no child is trapped in a failing school. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)
The IDEIA act is to ensure that all children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public education that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living. The many changes align the provisions of IDEA with No Child Left Behind. The regulations for IDEA assure children with disabilities and their parents the following basic rights
