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Brown v. Board of Education
The Supreme Court ruled that segregation by race in school was unconstitutional. The federal government advocated for the first time for those students who experienced inequality at school, and this helped future legislations for individuals with disabilities. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
ESEA supports many low-income families have access to high-quality education programs. It includes free and reduced lunches and applies to children who need additional support to benefit from educational programs in schools. -
Mills v. Board of Education
The United States District Court for the District of Colombia held that students with disabilities are entitled to an education, and education cannot be denied based on additional cost to school. This case comes from the denial of "exceptional" children from accessing public education. "Exceptional" children included those with physical, mental, developmental, and intellectual disabilities. -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
This law was aimed to protect the rights of individuals both children and adults with disabilities. It mandated that schools must provide free and appropriate public education, or FAPE, to each child with a disability regardless of the severity of the disability. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
This is known as the mainstreaming law. Requires the state to provide free and appropriate education for children with disabilities from ages 5-8. IEP, or, Individualized Education Programs are required, and it’s the first defined least restrictive environment. -
Americans with Disability Act
Prohibits discrimination again people with disabilities in several areas including, employment and transportation. This law inhibits that both children and adults with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone.
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
IDEA requires schools to assume greater responsibility for making sure that students with disabilities have access to the general education curriculum. It also requires students with disabilities to take part in statewide and districtwide assessments. Wanting to have students in the least restrictive environment and allowing them to have access to the same curriculum helps establish high expectations for them. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The NCLB Act was the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and was enacted to provide framework on how to improve the performance elementary and secondary schools while ensuring no child is stuck in a failing school. This act provides students with fair, equal, and significant opportunity to get high-quality education. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
IDEIA raises standards for special education licensure. Congress called for greater accountability and improved educational outcomes, early intervention for students, and raised the standards for instructors who teach special education classes. This amendment is also linked with the No Child Left Behind Act. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
The Every Student Succeeds Act or ESSA, was signed by President Barack Obama in December 2015. The ESSA includes many components of NCLB but provides more opportunities for schools when students are not making adequate progress. This act requires that all students in America be taught to high academic standards that will prepare them for college and their careers.