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Lois Braille, himself blind, developed a system for reading and writing for blind people.He developed his system while a student at the National Institute for Blind Children in Paris. His invention is based on a cell of six dots, and is still in use today.
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In 1848, Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe Howe opened the Massachusetts School for Idiotic and Feeble-Minded Youth. He believed firmly in family and community, and aimed to prepare these disabled children to live among society. Dr. Howe was also the director of the Perkins School for the Blind.
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In 1929, Seeing Eye Dogs were introduced in America for the first time. Seeing Eye Dogs help individuals who are blind navigate independently throughout their lives. The first branch of the Seeing Eye, the main organization that manages and trains dogs, was founded in Nashville Tenessee by Morris Frank and Dorothy Harrison Eustis. The Seeing Eye continues to help blind people gain their independence until today.
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In 1949, the United Cerebral Palsy association was founded. It is an international nonprofit organization that provides services and advocates for children with disabilities. It is specifically catered to children with Cerebral Palsy.
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The National Association for Retarded Children, known today as the Arc of the United States, was formed by parents of people with developmental disabilities. Since then, the organization has established state chapters in 39 states, and 730 local chapters in states across the country. This organization provides a wide variety of services for disabled children.
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In 1972, this momentous court case decided on a situation where handicapped children had been excluded from public schools. The result was that schools were required by law to provide adequate alternative education services for these children. This suit ordered schools to serve all students, regardless of disability.
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In this influential court case, the US Supreme court ruled that a California school board had violated IDEA. The school had suspended a student for violent behavior that was due to his disability. This benefited students with emotional or behavior disorders.
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The piece of legislation known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was passed in 1990. It required states to provide bilingual education programs for disabled children. It also required states to provide transition services to disabled students.It promotes least restrictive setting for disabled student.
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In 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act was signed by George Bush. This legislation promoted discrimination against people with disabilities. It supports inclusion in general of handicapped people..
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In 2001, the No Child Left Behind Act was enacted. It was a major educational reform effort which focused on the qualifications of teachers and the increased academic achievement of students. This law is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
