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First Special Education School in the United States
The first special education school was called the American Asylum for the Education and Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb in Hartford,Connecticut. It is now called the American School for the Deaf. One of the many things they were taught was to read and understand the Christian Bible.
https://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm -
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Special Education History
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Brown v. Board of Education
The separation of children depending on their race in public schools was ruled unconstitutional. This overruled the “separate but equal” principle that was set in the Plessy v. Ferguson case in 1896. This was a major civil rights victory and was a unanimous ruling. -
Department of Public Welfare v. Haas
The Department of Public Welfare v. Haas ruled the state of Illinois does not have to provide free public education to students with disabilities. This is because they were considered to be “feeble minded” and students with disabilities were not protected by rulings such as Brown v. Board. The “lack” of intelligence they have means they are not worth of a free education. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The Elementary and secondary education act of 1965 that advocated federal funding for primary and secondary school education. This program was created to distribute funding to schools and districts with a high percentage of students from low-income families/areas. This is a national education law that is committed to equal opportunity for all students. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
A lawsuit was filed by parents of children with disabilities against the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania against the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was sued by PARC ( Pennsylvania Association for Retarted Citizens) over a law that allowed public schools the authorization to deny a free education to children who are eight years old, but have not reached a mental age of five. This was the first case to challenge the law. -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJClAOjvtpg&t=31s
In the Vocational Rehabilitation Act 1973 section 504 it forbids any organization and employers from excluding/denying individuals with disabilities an equal opportunity to receive benefits and services. This clarifies the rights of individuals with disabilities to participate and have access to these programs with benefits and services. This law applies to elementary and secondary schools among other entities. Here a link with more information. -
Education for All Handicap Children Act
The Education for All handicapped Children Act guaranteed a free appropriate public education to each child with a disability. This act supports states and localities in protecting the rights of the individuals needs and improving the results for other young children with disabilities and their families. Equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities was also granted when the act was passed. -
Honig v. Doe
A California school board violated the Education for All handicapped children act by expelling a student for violence and disruptive behavior that related to his disability. The case was ruled as unacceptable to change placement or be removed because of their disability. The court also agreed the state must provide services directly to the students with disabilities if the local school board fails to provide one. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Students with disabilities are required to receive services even if they are expelled. This also requires access to a general education curriculum and state/district wide testing. Every state must have in effect policies and procedures to ensure a free appropriate public education to all students with disabilities. -
No Child Left Behind of 2001
The No Child Left Behind Act or 2001 amends the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to revise, reauthorize, and consolidate various programs. This was passed in order to improve public primary and secondary schools and students' performance. This act requires all public schools receiving federal funding to administer a standardized test annually to each student.