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Brown v. Board of Education
This case started when Oliver Brown filed a suit against the Board of Education in Topeka after his daughter, Linda, was denied entrance to an all white elementary school. Browns' claim was that black children schools were not equal- violating the "equal protection clause" in the 14th Amendment.
It was then ruled by Supreme Court that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional; playing a major role in the civil rights movement. From this came "separate but equal". -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
As part of this act funding was provided to schools with a certain percentage of students with low income. Under this act grants and funds for specific activities were offered to students. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson as a movement in the "War on Poverty" making it the biggest federal legislation to affect education. -
PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
By Pennsylvania state law, public schools had the right to deny education to students that haven't gained the mental age of 5yrs by the beginning of first grade. The case declared in favor of the students, in which the state agreed to provide a free public education for children with intellectual and learning disabilities. The case called for "students with disabilities to be placed in publicly funded school settings that met their individual educational needs." -
Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia
This case arose when seven children with disabilities were excluded from their public school and were denied educational services. The school in the suit claimed there weren't sufficient funds to provide special education services. The plaintiffs hoped for an injunction based the denial of Due Process. The court ruled in favor of the students stating that the exclusion of disabled students violated their right to free public education. This event was expanded from the PARC impact. -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act (VRA)
This act defined the terms "handicapped person" and "appropriate education". The prevention of discrimination against anyone based on having a disability from an organization that accepts federal funds or local/state organizations. It required organiztions to provide equal opportunities for ALL people, including with disabilities, in order to receive federal funding. -
Education for All Handicap Children Act
This act required all public schools to provide access to education along with one free meal a day to children with physical and mental impairments. Also stating that schools must evaluate handicapped children and with the input of parents create an educational plan for the student. This way the students experience would be as similar as can be to that of a student without a disability. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
IDEA was altered from EAHCA. The Act requires schools to evaluate students suspected of having disabilities. These evaluations are of no cost to the students parents. When children are identified as having a disability, schools must have provided them with special education and related services to meet their unique and individual needs. The goal is to help students make progress in school. Under this act, parents have a say in the educational services the school has about their child. -
IDEA Amendment
The amendment also called IDEA 97' required every state to have policies and procedures to secure a free appropriate public education (FAPE) for all students with disabilities. Also to include students with disabilities in state and district-wide testing programs, with the right accommodations when needed. And it requires a behavior management plan as part of IEPs for students with behavioral problems. -
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
Federal law that provides money for educational assistance for those in poverty in exchange for improvements in academic progress. This law held schools responsible for the achievement of its students based off of standardized tests. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
This act rose standards for those who teach special education classes. In this final amendment the term Zero Reject is presented, meaning that schools are required to provide education to all students without exception. The term least restrictive environment (LRE) is also brought to light. The "least restrictive environment" is for students to be educated with general education and with students outside of special education as much as possible.
