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History of Special Education
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Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483
School children from four states argued that segregated public schools were inherently unequal and deprived them of equal protection of the laws. In 1954 the supreme court found segregation in schools to be unconstitutional, including students with disabilities. I think this ruling is important because it gave parents a stronghold to start advocating for the right of their children with disabilities. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)
It was enacted to provide federal general aid to education and to provide resources to help ensure that disadvantaged students had access to quality education. With this statute in place it allowed more families access to public education even those with disabilities. Not only did this Statue help those in poverty the amendments that followed this statue really helped states to develop educational programs that helped children with disabilities. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Courts sided in favor of students with intellectual and learning disabilities in state-run institutions. The ruling called for students w/disabilities to be placed in publicly funded school settings that met their individual educational needs, based on a proper and thorough evaluation. The victory in PARC v. Commonwealth of PA set a new standard that conveyed that these children deserve every educational opportunity that any other child should receive and we should see them as we see other -
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
This ruling made it unlawful for the D.C. Board of Education to deny i"exceptional" individuals access to publicly funded educational opportunities. I feel that in Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia that it sent a very clear message to any district in the United states that excluding, expelling, or suspending any student with out due process would not be tolerated. -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act
This act required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education for children with physical and mental disabilities.
This was the first step to ensuring that parents had a legal say in their children's education. It also puts procedural safe guards in place to protect both the children and their parents.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/education-for-all-handicapped-children-act-summary-impact.html -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in several areas, including employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications and access to state and local government programs and services. Although each person is different this law ensures that both children and adults with disabilities are have the same rights and opportunities as everyone. -
Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Previously the Education for all Handicapped Children’s Act, several key amendments were made that emphasized providing all students with access to the same curriculum and support transition services from high school to adult living. Wanting to have students in the least restrictive environment and allowing them access to the same curriculum helps establish high expectations with them and also gives them the opportunity to collaborate with their peers. -
No Child Left Behind
No child left behind: A major point of educational reform. It held standards of proficiency in math, reading, and science for all children, including children with special needs. Teachers also need to be highly qualified within their subject area. -
Amendment to IDEA Act
Congress amended IDEA by calling for early intervention for students, greater accountability and improved educational outcomes, and raised the standards for instructors who teach special education classes. This amendment can also be linked to the No Child Left Behind Act which provides students with fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. -
The Every Student Succeeds Act
The new ESSA, rolls back much of the federal government’s big footprint in education policy, on everything from testing and teacher quality to low-performing schools. And it gives new leeway to states in calling the shots. That’s a big change from the NCLB which ESSA replaced and updatedStates are required to adopt “challenging” academic standards. be.https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/12/10/every-student-succeeds-act-vs-no-child-left-behind-whats-changed/77088780/