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American School for the Deaf opens
The first school for deaf students opens
https://www.asd-1817.org/about/history--cogswell-heritage-house -
Perkins Institution for the Blind Opens
First school for the blind opens! http://www.perkins.org -
First Individuals Teach Children with Developmental Delays
Jean Marc Itard and Edouard Seguin: first individuals who tried to teach children with intellectual and developmental delays https://www.baliadvertiser.biz/itard/ -
Schizophrenia Discovered
Schizophrenia was discovered by Dr. Emil Kraepelin. Below is a link all about schizophrenia, which is an Emotional Behavior disorder.
http://schizophrenia.com/history.htm -
Plessy v. Ferguson
This is clearly not directly related to education, but did create the phrase and therefore the precedent of "separate but equal." I believe this phrase could have added to why those with exceptionalities were treated differently than those without. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/plessy-v-ferguson -
First School for those with Intellectual Disabilities
The opening of a classroom for children with ID began the movement for the special education in Providence, RI. Teaching methods for those with ID https://www.mentalhelp.net/intellectual-disabilities/effective-teaching-methods/ -
ADHD First Mentioned
ADHD was first noticed in 1902 by a British pediatrician. He noticed
"an abnormal defect of moral control in children" Below is a link to the history of ADHD:
https://www.healthline.com/health/adhd/history -
Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) founded
Designed to organize teachers who were working with children with exceptionalities https://degree.astate.edu/articles/k-12-education/what-is-the-council-for-exceptional-children.aspx -
Formation of American Speech and Hearing Association
Forming the ASHA marked a turning point for those in the speech-language pathology field. What is a speech or hearing impairment? How do we help those affected?:
https://www.healthline.com/health/hearing-or-speech-impairment-resources -
Autism Discovered
Autism was first discoed by Dr. Leo Kanner of Johns Hopkins University. The following links provide a description the history of autism and how it was described:
http://www.autism-pdd.net/history-of-autism/ https://www.appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com/faq/first-person-diagnosed-autism/ The following is a link teachers should use to utilize:
https://theconversation.com/supporting-students-with-autism-in-the-classroom-what-teachers-need-to-know-64814 -
Asperger's Syndrome Discovered
Asperger’s syndrome (AS) is one of a group of neurological disorders known as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). AS is considered to be on the more mild, or high functioning end of the spectrum. https://www.healthline.com/health/asperger-syndrome -
Brown v. BOE
Very important case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson! This would shed light on white and black schools needing to be actually equalized and integrated; as well as students with exceptionalities and students without exceptionalities. https://www.acslaw.org/expertforum/the-meaning-of-brown-for-children-with-disabilities/ -
Nature v. Nurture Debate (1960s)
The role of the environment could intensify exceptionalities - Nurture is said to play a bigger role. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/nature-nurture-and-education-michael-gove-and-the-question-of-genetics-in-schooling-8944579.html -
Strategies for ADHD identified
William Cruickshank was one of the first to establish an educational program for those with ADHD. The following is a link for history of ADHD
https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1777/Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder.html -
Period: to
Study of Linguistics
The emphasis of the study of linguistics brought about more resources and data about the importance of learning language via language acquisition and exposure to language. Importance of reading to children: https://www.all4kids.org/2017/03/03/importance-reading-children/ Reading and language development:
http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/language-development-and-literacy/according-experts/literacy-outcome-language-development-and-its -
Phrase Learning Disability Coined
Samuel Kirk coined the term Learning Disability (LD) in 1962. The term learning disability encompasses those who are of average or above-average intelligence, but still struggle in school. For example, dyslexia is a LD. See how to cope with dyslexia in the book: "The Dyslexic Advantage" Living with a LD: https://thriving.childrenshospital.org/living-intellectual-disability-one-couples-story/ More info: https://www.naset.org/fileadmin/user_upload/LD_Report/LD_Report_1_Intro_to_LD.doc.pdf -
PL 88-164
Authorized funds for training professionals to work with children with exceptionalities and special needs
Funded research for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) [Link text]https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291521546_Legislative_History_of_Public_Law_88-164 -
Rett Disorder
Rett syndrome falls under the category of ASD. It is affects the way the brain develops, causing a progressive loss of motor skills and speech. This is due to genetics. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rett-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377227 Below is a link to aid in teaching those with Rett Syndrome (for girls).
http://www.graceforrett.com/rett-syndrome/r168x/teaching-girls-with-rett-to-read-and-write-rett-university/ -
Handicapped Children's Early Education Act
Created 20 model programs, including Head Start
Link text -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Court rules in favor of children with exceptionalities and their right to FAPE A child with exceptionalities cannot be excluded from school without due process -
PL 93-112
https://wiki.rit.edu/display/msse704012135/Public+Law+93-112+Section+504+of+the+Rehabilitation+Act+of+1973 problems such as failing grades, multiple suspensions, poor behavior may have additional support under Section 504 bridge between general and special education: first step to the response to intervention (RtI) model -
PL 94-142 passed: Education for All Handicapped Children Act
All handicapped children should have free and appropriate public education https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/idea35/history/index_pg10.html -
Individual Education Plans enter School
IEP were introduced to schools in 1975 to give students a level playing ground and a plan for their equal education. http://www.specialednews.com/the-history-of-the-iep.htm -
Larry P v. Riles
Children shouldn’t be labeled “handicapped” without diagnosis https://www.clearinghouse.net/detail.php?id=13908 -
BOE v. Rowley
A child with disabilities is entitled to an appropriate, not an optimum, education https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/458/176/ -
PL 99-457 Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments
Provided opportunities for states to develop plans and programs for children with exceptionalities from birth https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2801456 -
Handicapped Children's Protection Act
President Reagan signed in this Act to law that gave parents of children with disabilities more say with their IEPs. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/99/s415 -
Nature v. Nurture, Equal (1990s)
Interactions between environment and heredity can have effects on children with exceptionalities -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Extends civil rights to persons with disabilities https://www.ada.gov -
No Child Left Behind
Holds schools and educators responsible for beginning students to “minimum level of competency” http://www.k12.wa.us/ESEA/NCLB.aspx -
Human Genome Project Completed
This would help us understand how genetics influenced children with exceptionalities, if at all. https://www.genome.gov/human-genome-project -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Reauthorization of PL 94-142. Special education specialists must hold certifications and a license to
teach. IEP standards updated! Transition planning must be present in all IEPs. https://sites.ed.gov/idea/ -
Combating Autism Act
This was signed into law under George W. Bush. Parents pulled together to seek change for their children who were not receiving proper education and treatment in schools. (see page 206) https://www.congress.gov/bill/109th-congress/senate-bill/843 -
American Association on Mental Retardation Name Changed
The name change to American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities aided in eliminating the negative connotations that came with the word retardation. Aiding those with Intellectual and developmental disabilities (formally known as mental retardation):
https://reading-sage.blogspot.com/2011/06/teaching-children-with-mental.html What is an intellectual disability?
https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/intellectual-disability/what-is-intellectual-disability -
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Large funds provided to the states under IDEA to improve early intervention services https://www.fcc.gov/general/american-recovery-and-reinvestment-act-2009 -
Developmentally Appropriate Practice
National Association for the Education of Young Children published guidelines for developmentally appropriate practice (DAP). This meant that teachers were bound to meet children where they were developmentally and provide them appropriate support and resources to help them thrive. https://www.naeyc.org/resources/topics/dap -
DSM-5 Released
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders updated from DSM-IV. DSM-5 can be utilized to make ADHD Diagnoses. https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm Below is a link for parents of children with ADHD: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adhd.html