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Brown vs Board of Education
The case of Brown vs Board of Education paved the way for the later acts such as EAHCA and IDEA. Special education stems from this case because this case allowed for people of races other than white to be educated in the same buildings as the white culture. This was the first step in a long journey of inclusion for all students.
Info from: http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/early-civilrights/brown.html -
PARC
PARCThe case Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) vs Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is another major event in the history of special education. This law required that no student with mental retardation in Pennsylvania can be denied a public education. This case, along with the Brown vs Board case started the journey of education for ALL students, even those with exceptionalities. -
Section 504
Info for Section 504Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act was a major step in Special Education. This act is referred to quite frequently in the world of today as well because it had significant impact. This case stemmed off of the Brown vs Board case, because it was another case about civil rights. Section 504 guaranteed rights to people with disabilities, which they were not previously guaranteed. This act required that both schools and society have accommodations for people with exceptionalities. -
EAHCA
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (also known as EAHCA, EHA, or PL 94-142) was one of the major acts that affected school districts, especially those districts that had students with exceptionalities. This act guaranteed a free appropriate education in the least restrictive environment. Education in the LRE is a good option for students. They are able to learn in an environment that suits their needs.
Info from sheet -
Rowley vs Hendrick Hudson School District
Cornell Law The case of Rowley vs Hendrick Hudson School District was one of the first cases with the issue of Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). The issue was that the school district was not providing FAPE to the children who needed it. The result from this case was that school districts must provide services that allow a student with disabilities to benefit. The Cornell Law page looks in depth at this case. -
Honig vs Doe
Info for HonigThe case of Honig vs Doe has a big effect on the lives of special education students. This case decided that students who have exceptionalities cannot be denied education even if they are misbehaving. This ensures that all students have an education, which is what we are striving for. -
IDEA
Info for IDEAThe EAHCA changed it's name to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1990 under PL 101-476. This was a major change, because Austism and traumatic brain injury were added under the categories of special education. This act started transition plans (ITPs) for students with disabilities. Info from sheet used as well. -
Doe vs Withers
Info for DoeIn the case of Doe vs Withers, the Doe familiy argued that once their son entered high school, the school was not complying the FAPE. The student was on an IEP and had accommodations throughout elementary and middle school. But, in high school, some teachers wouldn't comply. This case ruled that teachers are responsible for implementing accommodations listed in the student's IEP. -
IDEA (reauthorized)
Info about IDEAIn 1997, IDEA was reauthorized to include ADHD. Behavior assessments and intervention plans were now put into place, as they hadn't been before. This reauthorization also changed ITPs to IEP (Individualized Education Plan). -
IDEA (reauthorized)
Info for IDEAThis is the most recent reauthorization of IDEA. This act required that special education teachers need to be highly qualified. It also changed the identification process for learning disabilities. This act was reauthorized to accommodate students that were having problems with weapons, drugs, or violence by placing them in an interim alternative educational setting.
