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14th Amendment
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the U.S. and of the States where they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the U.S,; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
The supreme court ruled that "separate but equal" accommodations or services DOES NOT violate the 14th amendment according due process and equal protection to citizens, a case that was used to justify Jim Crow laws sanctioning segregated facilities for African American citizens. -
Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka, KS
It was established as a matter of law that racially segregated education was unequal. Education must be available to all on euqal terms. The doctrine of equal educational opportunity is a part of the law of due process under the 14th amendment, and denying an equal educational opportunity is a violation of the COnstitution. -
The Elementary and Secondary School Act
Formed part of Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty. Primary focus was on improving educational opportunities for econmonically disadvantaged students. -
PL 93-112: Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504
Individuals with disablilites cannot be excluded fromparticipation in, denied benefits of, or subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. -
PL 94-142: Education for All Handicapped Children Act
A free and appropriate public education must be provided for all children with disabilities in the U.S. (Birth to five year olds may be excluded in some states.). Mandated were procedures for identification, due process, least restrictive environment, IEPs, non-discriminatory evaluation, confidentaility and personnel development, and appropriate, public education at no cost to parents. -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Provides civil rights protections to indiviuals with disabilities for equal opportunity in employment, public accommodations, transportation, state and local government services, and telecommunications. -
Amendments to IDEA
Amendments help this re-authorization of 1997 IDEA to align with the No Child Left Behind legislation, aligning with its 6 principles and following the key principles of zero reject, non-discriminatory evaluation, appropriate education, least restrictive envirnoment, procedural due process and parent participation.
