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Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard & Victor
"The Wild Boy of Aveyron", was found in the forest as a young boy. He had severe disabilities. At the time, individuals with disabilities and individuals with severe mental illnesses were categorized as untreatable. Itard was one of the first to attempt to help instruct an individual with a disability. Victor was able to learn with Itard's help.
https://www.museumofdisability.org/exhibits/past/pantheon-of-disability-history/jean-marc-gaspard-itard/index.html -
Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard & Victor
"The wild boy of Aveyron" was a young boy with severe disabilities found living in the forest. At the time, people with severe disabilities or mental illnesses were categorized as untreatable. But, a man named Itard wanted to attempt to help Victor. Itard instructed Victor and his effort worked! Victor was able to learn in the enriched environment. -
Seguin and the first school
A doctor named Edouard Seguin studied under Itard. He was sympathetic to Itard's dedication to helping Victor. This sympathy lead to him working with another child who had severe disabilities. This student showed tremendous improvement and was able to speak, write, and count. Seguin continued to work with a few more children with severe disabilities and established the first school to educate children with intellectual disabilities. -
Mary Ward vs. Flood
Ward was an African-American student with an intellectual disability. Flood, the principal of a California public school denied her entrance into the school because she was a colored student and she couldn't perform at the lowest grade for the school. The California Supreme Court ruled that a principal of a public school could refuse a child who couldn't perform at the lowest grade of a school.
https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/ward-v-flood-1874/ -
First public classes for "Feebleminded" Children
First public classes for "feebleminded" children opened in Rhode Island: Boston and Providence.
https://mn.gov/mnddc/parallels/four/4d/10.html#:~:text=As%20teachers%20in%20public%20schools%20became%20aware%20of,special%20education%20class%20in%20the%20U.S.%20in%201896. -
First public classes for "crippled" children
The first classes for "crippled" children opened in Chicago. -
Elizabeth Farrell Impact on Special Education
Elizabeth Farrell was able to help students with disabilities to be taught in ungraded classes. In her class, she had 12/19 students diagnosed with a disability.
https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~duchan/new_history/hist19c/subpages/farrell.html -
International Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)
Farrell and her Columbia University students created the International Council for Exceptional Children. The first president of CEC was Farrell. John Edward Wallace established psycho-educational clinics for diagnostics.
https://exceptionalchildren.org/about-us -
Public Law 85-926
Public Law 85-926 is an Act to encourage the expansion of teaching education of mentally retarded children through grants to institutions of higher learning and to state education. The Arc advocated for funding and this law was the result enacted. This was the first legislation providing support for teachers in special education for university programs.
https://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/85/926.pdf -
IDEA of 1997
Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1997 ensures that students with disabilities participated in statewide testing, have measurable progress, and have a proactive behavior plan in place. The Individualized Education Plan (IEP) was created to help lay out specific actions to respond to student's needs with measurable goals. -
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No Child Left Behind Act
NCLB was the main law for k-12 general education in the United States. It held schools accountable for how kids learned and achieved. The goal of this law was to focus on students in poverty, students of color, students receiving special education services, and ELL students.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0--2nhsDorg&feature=youtu.be -
IDEA of 2004
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was created to make free appropriate public education available to all eligible children with disabilities throughout the nation. It also ensured special education and related services to children with disabilities.
https://sites.ed.gov/idea/about-idea/ -
Every Student Succeeds Act
The No Child Left Behind Act 2002 was amended and changed to the Every Student Succeed Acts. This Act adds colleges and career readiness. It required for the first time that all students in America to be taught at a high academic standard to prepare them for college. https://www.ed.gov/essa?src=rn