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980
Avicenna
The first trace of biological psychology.
In his book The Canon Of Medicine, it shows treatment techniques using emotions and inner feelings. -
Willhelm Wundt
"Father of Psychology"
Opened World's first psychology lab at the University of Leipzeg.
Used introspection (examining own thoughts and feelings) -
William James
"Father of American Psychology"
Founded functionalism (consciousness existing as a more continuous and changing process) -
Sigmund Freud
Founder of Psychoanalysis.
Emphasized the unconscious mind.
Theory of Personality (believing early childhood experiences and unconscious impulses contributed to the development of adult personality and behavior). -
Joseph Jastrow
He is the first to receive a doctorate in psychology. Founder of Pyschophysics. -
Edward Titchner
- Student of WIllhelm Wundt
- Founded psychology's first school of thought
- Structuralism (human consciousness can be broken down into parts)
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Ivan Pavlov
Behaviorism (purely learning by observing)
Dog experiment becomes the first example of classical conditioning.
Rejected conscious and unconscious mind. -
Max Wetheimer
Phi phenomenon - perceiving a series of still images as the illusion of movement. -
Lev Vygosky
Founder of Sociocultural Theory (society causes individual developement) and Zone of Proximal Develpoment (the distance between the level of actual and potential development). -
Gestalt Theory
Response to structuralism.
Looks at the mind and behavior as a whole.
Instead of focusing on every small detail, our minds tend to perceive objects as part of a whole and of more complex systems.
Contributors: Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Koffha. -
Wolfgang Kohler
Summarized the Gestalt theory as "the whole is different than the sum of it's parts." He is known for research on problem-solving, criticisms of introspection, and opposition to behaviorism. -
Carl Rogers
One founder of the Humanistic Psychology.
He believed in the power of free will and self determination -
Abraham Maslow
Famous for "The Hierarchy of Needs" which suggested people were motivated by increasingly complex needs. -
George A. Miller
Founder of Cognitive Psychology. MRI and PET scans helped the ability to study the inner workings of the human bran. -
Richard Dawkins
Evolutionary Psychology. New ways of looking at aggression and other social phenomena. Believes evolution is the reasoning for the structure of the brain. -
Jerome Bruner
Helps formulate cultural psychology. Focuses on the behavioral influences with culture and relationships.
