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Period: 504 to 604
Pope Gregory the Great
Gregorian chant is called like this because of him -
Period: 600 to 700
Gregorian chant
Between the 7 and 9 centuries the Roman Catholic church copiled its liturgical playsongs. Gregorian chant main characteristics:
Monophonic texture, modal scales with out any metre, text in Latin with religious theme, male voices(solist or choires) https://youtu.be/lfwuZaf6WXw
Example of a gregorian chant -
800
First symbols called Neumes
They were written on top of the words to show the changes of pitch, neumatic notational system was used on a four line steve. -
800
Polyphony
On the 9 century and second voice was added to plainsongs. Three types :
Organum: main voice Gregorian melody second parallel.
Discantus:main voice Gregorian melody second contrary motion.
Conductus:two or four voices.Same text was sung by all with same rythm in the syllabic style. -
800
Secular vocal music
Generally passed orally. Main characteristics
Monophonic texture,modal scales, fun and entertaiment,vernacular language, male and female voices.
Ministrels people who played it.Some were acrobats, mime artists, reciters and musicians. -
Period: 1100 to 1200
Carmina Burana
Famous collection of Goliards. -
1200
Goliards
Goliards were wandering clerics or mendicant students, poetry in Latin wich was often satirical or critical of the church. -
1200
Psaltery
Is a flat sound box with strings on it . W e pluck the strings with our fingers or strike them with a mallet. -
1500
Motet
Existed on the Middle Ages. In the Renaissance, this form became more important
https://youtu.be/MxJFMBv4Ibo -
1500
Mass
Long composition with liturgical texts, written in Latin. Based on the fixed parts of the religious ceremony. -
1500
Chorale
Most common musical form in the protestant liturgy. Existing melodies sung in the vernacular with a simplest texture
https://youtu.be/Eo8_-Uo4Is8 -
1500
Madrigal
Dominant form in Europe. Originated in Italy Described feelings trough the union of msic and text, written in vernacular.
https://youtu.be/4PDhMqboQCU -
1500
Songs
In England numerous songs for one voicewith instrumental accompainent were written. -
1500
Chansons
Several voices and instrumental accompianent -
1500
Romance
Based on popular poetic ballards that told true and fictional stories -
1500
Villancico
Named from tunes that peasants sang in villages -
1500
Ensalada
Combination of different forms -
1500
Compositions based on vocal music
Instrumentalist that accompained vocal pieces used these as a base for instrumental works(tiento) -
1500
Compositions with improvisional feel
Composers started to write down brief improvised pieces(toccata) -
1500
Variations
Exposition of short musical theme followed by some variations(diferencias) -
Basso Continuo
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Instruments
Technical developments, first virtuososand birth of orcestra.
Cordophones: https://youtu.be/t82NPmghKfc?t=2
Violin,viola,cello,double bass.
Aerophones: https://youtu.be/9s2GxdT7E_w
Flute,oboe,basson,trumpet.
Membraphones: https://youtu.be/xu7oIz6jVPQ
Kettledrums. -
Instrumental forms
Fugue
https://youtu.be/ho9rZjlsyYY
Suite
https://youtu.be/2CM_J3r-Nt4
Sonata
https://youtu.be/4Tr0otuiQuU
Cocerto
-Concerto grosso https://youtu.be/RydMnTCwJvQ
-Solo concerto https://youtu.be/N-mA9OMP3DE -
Opera
Libretto
https://youtu.be/8M5YeZIg71U
Opera seria
https://youtu.be/Z0evKSG3-SI
Opera buffa
https://youtu.be/aiNDcJ7x30w -
Opera2
Cantata
https://youtu.be/qI3CFEs8Mc0
Oratorio
https://youtu.be/98UjjwzJBFE
Passion
https://youtu.be/eU6QEklM4SA -
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Composers in the classical period
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New instruments
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Instrumental forms Classical period
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Opera Classical period
-
Period: to
Classical period
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Instruments from Romantic period 1/2
WOODWIND:
Bass clarinet:https://youtu.be/jSZtX3WHF_E
Contrabasson:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omkW2jVJrEk
English horn:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HhrxVx1Ztc
Saxophone:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3_tw44QsZQ
BRASS:
Trombonehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OttfOXsP2M
Tuba:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laUNhhph3yc -
Instruments from Romantic period 2/2
PERCUSSION:
Bass drum:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ci48L1RZokU
Snare drum:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkqsXWg9Gao
Cymbals:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrQDMmAN3_o
Gong:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BFhVkzuo89A
Marimba: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jh39-4el-YY
Celesta:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faHXQugcz9A -
Opera Romantic period
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Zarzuela
Lyrical and theatrical musical form
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6dfOUg9zEc -
Musical nationalism
-
Ballet Romantic period
-
Period: to
Music in the romantic period
Characteristics:
1) Free from Classical period
2) Aiming for virtuosity
3) Making the melody an important mean of expression
4) Wider vocabulary
5) Melody dominated homophony
6) Aiming for unity -
Period: to
The 20th century
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20th century music in Spain 1927
Generación del 27:
-Joaquin Rodrigo: https://youtu.be/ye-FvKCZp3s
-Federico Mompou: https://youtu.be/Vxuv_g5vE1o -
20th century ballets
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Music in the first half of 20th century
Impressionism:https://youtu.be/eYOeH-EF00s
Expressionism:https://youtu.be/QNCIz-_QFrs
Atonality:https://youtu.be/JEY9lmCZbIc
Twelve-tone technique:https://youtu.be/YifVP91wPiI
neoclassicism:https://youtu.be/LRpQtotn41c -
20th century instruments
Theremin:https://youtu.be/K6KbEnGnymk
Ondes Martenot:https://youtu.be/v0aflcF0-ys
Synthesiser:https://youtu.be/3sXdYXYI_ZI
Sampler:https://youtu.be/7OSyEJs_Zkg
Vibraphone:https://youtu.be/Igbpx26YE3k -
Music in the second half of 20th century
Aleatoric music:https://youtu.be/JTEFKFiXSx4
Musique concrète:https://youtu.be/c4ea0sBrw6M
Electronic:https://youtu.be/oQs8Zz-Jj50
Electroacoustic:https://youtu.be/IlCzN6UJ4EM
Minimal:https://youtu.be/f1CNNf9iU9Y?list=PLCJ96FurPOpOBITt3UUS1nY2z2mwqvvny -
20th century music in Spain 1951
Generación del 51:
-Luis de Pablo: https://youtu.be/AiV7IWz_CsA
-Cristóbal Halffter: https://youtu.be/VKyKWUMYJ9c
