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Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
established the first American school for the deaf -
Samuel Gridley Howe
established the first school for the blind -
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Normalization and De-institutionalization
The 20th century saw an increase in the barrier breakdowns for participation in society by those individuals with disabilities. -
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Inclusion Movement
The Inclusion Movement continues to this day. It concerns the integration of students with disabilities into general education classrooms. -
Council for Exceptional Education Children
founded by Elizabeth E. Farrell -
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Parent Groups
The 1950's saw parent groups creation and organization to advocate for children with disabilities. -
Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
The ruling against separate but equal had huge implications for students with disabilities. Parents of these students were able to argue they were not receiving an adequate or equal education. It proved these students were being denied equal education opportunities. -
Special Olympics
Eunice Kennedy Shriver founded the Special Olympics in 1968. -
Rehabilitation Act, Section 504
This prohibited discrimination against individuals with disabilities. It was the first disability civil rights law in America. It paved the way for the Americans with Disabilities Act. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
This act required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education for children with physical and mental disabilities. -
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Regular Education Initiative
The Regular Education Initiative was a movement during the 1980s that focused on eliminating separate special education programs. Its goals was for students with disabilities to be supported in general education classrooms. -
1983 Amendment to EAHCA
This amendment added funding for early interventions and focused on school to work readiness and programs. -
1986 Amendment EAHCA
This amendment added provisions for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. -
EAHCA becomes IDEA
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act becomes the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The name changed placed focus on the individual verses the disability. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act provided more civil rights to individuals with disabilities and required accommodations to be provided for by employers along with accessibility to public places. -
No Child Left Behind
Students with mild disabilities must be instructed on state standards and take state assessments. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act.
This is most important law for school-aged individuals with disabilities. It was passed with provisions for highly qualified teachers and the RTI process.The principles of IDEA are nondiscriminatory identification, assessment, and evaluation, the least restrictive environment, IEPs, suspensions and expulsions guidelines, procedural safeguards, funding for early intervention, service for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers, and confidentiality. -
ESSA
One of the Every Student Succeeds Act’s main goals is to provide equal opportunities for students who receive special education services. Their needs are taken into account and their parents are able to have more of a say.
