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Legislation Timeline
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Brown v. Board of Education
The Supreme Court ruled that segregation in schools was unconstitutional. And that even with equal resources given towards eduation, segregation did not create a truly equal education for all. This event was very significant on many levels: The first being that it was moving with the social times of the country and the issue of race, and two, because it spurred a chain reaction to look at the rights of education for all students, including those with disabilities. -
President Kennedy's Panel of 26
President Kennedy appoints a 26 member panel consisting of doctors, educators, lawyers, psychologists and a woman named Dr. Elizabeth Boggs who was connected to the parents' movement. Six task forces were made to research ways in which they could help the country's mentally retarded. Although part of their findings were that they wanted to "combat" mental retardation and prevent it, it eventually lead to some positive legislation to help support programs for disabled and their civil rights. -
Public Law 88-164
Public Law 88-164- the Community Mental Health Act was in direct response to President Kennedy's original decision to create the 26 person panel. This legislation allowed for funds to establish community mental health centers and provide all children with disabilities access to a free public education. A definite step in the right direction for the civil rights of people with disabilities. -
ESEA-1965
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was created to protect students of disadvantaged backgrounds so they, too, could have access to a free public education. One of the main benefits that came from this legislation was the free and reduced lunch program made available to those in need. A feeling that when students basic needs were not able to be met (being hungry etc) it made it difficult to learn. A push for ths funding directly helped expand services for children with disabilities. -
Mills v. Board of Edcuation of District of Columbia
This was a landmark case in which handicapped children were excluded from public education because schools said they lacked the funding and resources. This case made it so that states had to provide alternative education and services that was adequate for all persons with disabilities, physical or mental and could not exclude anyone due to funding. This also became influential during the drafting of P.L. 94-142. -
EAHCA- Public Law 94-142
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) is known as the "Mainstreaming" law. It helped to implement the Individualized Education Plan program (IEPs) as well as define the least restrictive enviroment. This was a major start in trying to create an "inclusive" learning environment for students with disabilities- often times showing that this inclusion allowed for great progress in the lives/education of students with special education needs. -
IDEA- Public Law 101-476
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) replaces P.L. 94-142 (EAHCA). It essentially expands greatly on the original legislation to provide more services that include social work, tech assistance, and rehabilitation. It also adds transitional training for real-world skills and bilingual education. It also identifies 2 more disabilities: autism and traumatic brain injury. IDEA will continue to evolve in the future. -
IDEIA- Public Law 108-446
This improves upon the original IDEA legislation. Districts use a model called Response-to-Intervention(RTI) to better determine what levels of achievement and/or learning disabilities that students may be struggling. It is based on a 3 tier teaching plan. Helps to increase funds for earlier intervention. Services are provided to families from birth to 21. It also helps bridge the gap of the disproportionate number of students in special ed programs due to race/ethnicity and ELL services.
