History of Islam

Muhammad is born in Mecca

570

Born in Saudi Arabia.

Muhammad's Early Life

570

He was born in Mecca. His parents died when he was was young, and grew up with his uncle, Abu Talib. Muhammad had a harsh life. His uncle was a trader and Muhammad traveled with him, there he earned his title of "the trustworthy one"

Mecca at the Time o Muhammad's Birth

570

The Arabian Peninsula was in the center of a battle between Roman and Persian empires. People who lived there were Jews, Christians and nomadic tribes that were polytheist. During Muhammad's birth Mecca was the site of an annual pilgrimage to the Kaaba(cube shaped structure that holds 360 deities. The Kaaba is said to be the center of the Earth.
-The Kaaba was sent down from the heavens and was rebuilt by Abraham and his son Ishmael.

Muhammad Receives His First Revelation

Dec 24, 610

Muhammad was felt that the inequalities in the Meccan Society were wrong. He also didn't accept the polytheist ways of the Meccan Society and devoted all his prayers to Allah.
He often went to meditate in a mountain cave near Mt.Hira. One day the angel Gabriel appeared to him and commanded him to begin reciting.

Stuggles in Mecca

Dec 24, 615

Muhammad's teachings on Monotheist-ism wasn't greatly accepted in Mecca. Merchants relied on pilgrims to travel to Mecca to honor the gods. Muhammad's tribe, the Quraysh, turned their backs against him aswell.

Hijra

Jun 17, 622

Muhammad was offered protection and settlement in Medina. Since Muslims in Mecca's quality of life dropped, Muhammad led the Muslims to Medina, this is also known as the hijra.
Also during this time Muhammad's spiritual understanding grew as the revelations continued.

Truce with Meccans "Treaty of Hudaybiyyah"

Mar 1, 628

Muslims who were left behind in Mecca were in constant battle with the Meccans and continuously lost. Muhammad then negotiated a truce.

Return to Mecca

Jan 11, 630

The Meccans broke the truce between them and the Muslims. Muhammad marched into Mecca with all of his followers and outnumbered the Meccans. The Meccans surrendered and pardoned Muhammad.

Muhammad dies

Jun 8, 632

Died in Medina, Saudi Arabia
Abu Bakr became the Muslim leader after his death

Haji

Dec 24, 632

Muhammad decided to perform one last pilgrimage to Mecca. This ritual turned into a Muslim celebration called Haji. In his last sermon, he spoke about equality and justice. To summarize he basically said that there is no superiority between people only the superiority gained through consciousness of God.

Battle of Karbala

Dec 24, 680

Husayn, Muhammad's grandson is martyred.

Siege of Jerusalem

Jun 7, 1099

Christian Crusades decided to take back Jerusalem from the Islamic Empire

Ottoman Empire

Dec 24, 1299

Ottoman Empire or the Turkish Empire is established and lasts until 1922