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School Museums
Tracing back to the beginning of the 20th century, school museums were the first use of media for educational purposes. Instructional media was the primary tool for presenting instruction. -
Instructional Films
Most of the visual media presented in the school museums were films, slides, and photographs. This increasing use of visual aids was known as the "visual instruction" or "visual education" movement. -
Instructional Radio
Advances in sound recording, radio, and sound motion pictures became more popular, thus increasing the use of instructional media. This expanding field became known as the " Audiovisual instruction movement". On the contrary, radio did not become as popular as people were expecting, with textbooks becoming more prevalent. -
World War 2
1943-1945- Audiovisual devices were used in the military. During the war the air force produced film strips and training films. The films helped prepare civilians for war. -
Army Half Track
A half-track is a military vehicle with regular wheels in the front for steering and ones at the back to carry things and propel the vehicle. -
Media Research
POST 1945- After the media success from WW2, there was an increase in interest in using audiovisual devices in the schools. -
Television
It was realized that Television could be a great help in providing educational media to people. -
Instructional Television
The growth of using TV as a way to provide instructional media was started by the 1952 setting aside by the Federal Communications Commission of educational channels and the ford foundation funding. -
Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
Author Benjamin Bloom and his colleagues wrote a book that identified various types of learning outcomes which would have an effect on the type of instructional designs. -
Sputnik
in 1957 the soviet union launched sputnik- the first orbiting space satellite. After the successful launch, the us government put millions of dollars into improving math and science education. -
Behavioral Objectives
Created in order to determine desired learning behaviors, conditions in which the behaviors are to be performed and the standards to be judged by. -
Criterion-referenced testing
1960s: A test intended to measure how well an individual can perform a particular set or behavior, irrespective of how well others perform. -
Programmed instruction
1950s-1960s: It was thought people would learn better through programmed instructions. Material was revised based on feedback from people, including responses to questions and weaknesses. -
Instructional design models
Indicated that instruction should be created well enough to allow someone to complete one skill before moving onto the next skill. -
Conditions of Learning
A book written by Robert Gagne describing the five domains, verbal information, intellectual and psycho motor skills, attitudes and cognitive strategies. -
Events of Instruction
9 teaching activities included in the book, that gagne considered essential for promoting the attainment of any type of learning outcome. -
Formative Evaluation
The process of testing out instructional material before it goes public so educators could see how effective it would be. -
Summative Evaluation
Programs are assessed at the end of a cycle. -
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive psychology is :the study of mental processes such as "attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking." The impact on instructional design was small. -
Constructivism
When learners construct knowledge out of their experiences. -
Early Computers (1950s-1995)
In the 1950s, researchers at IBM developed one of the first programs to be used with computers in public schools. Thus starting a huge interest in using computers for educational purposes. -
Internet
Coming from the computers was the internet, leading an increase in the use of the internet for business and industry purposes. Using the internet for instructional purposes has rapidly grown in educational purposes and the military use. -
MY BIRTHDAY
The day Olivia Gaber was born
