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Origins
During WWII development of a training program to increase flight training pass rates using evaluation and testing knowledge was the starting point of the field of instructional design (Reiser, 2001).
Photographs, audio, slides and transparencies were used for instruction (Shrock, 1995).
Development continued post WWII and the American Institute of Research was established during this time (Reiser, 2001). -
Programmed Instruction Movement
BF Skinner's article "The science of learning and the art of teaching" spurred an educational revolution that, along with others, implemented a data driven approach to solving instructional problems (Reiser, 2001).
Programmed instruction caused a shift in educational focus from the behavior to the outcome (Shrock, 1995). -
Development
The early 60's brought about the development of objectives and objective writing, Criterion-Referenced testing, and Gagne's five types of learning and nine events of instruction. The late 60's brought about the development of formative and summative evaluation systems (Reiser, 2001). -
ID Models
The 1970's saw the development of ID models such as the Dick and Carey Model. By the end of the decade, 60 models had been identified (Shrock, 1995).
The field of instructional design branches out to military, education, business, and international countries (Reiser, 2001). -
ID and technology
The 1990's saw the onset of Constructivist methods (the use of computer-based systems to supply real-time, on the job assistance), an increase in rapid prototyping, and the use of distance learning. -
Recent
The use of knowledge management improves job performance through wide-spread sharing of information.
