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Magic Lanterns & Stereopticons used in schools.
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School Museums
School Museums were created as a visual instruction was used as a supplement to the curriculum. -
Instructional Film Catalog
Catalog of Instructional Films became available. -
First Adoption Instructional Films
Rochester Public School adopts instructional films for classroom use -
National Organizations Eastablished
IDT organizations began to spring up as the industry developed. -
Audio Visual Era Begins
Audiovisual instruction increased with the usage of radio, audio records, and motion pictures with sound. -
Military Training Era Begins
Government establishes a division for production of training materials for soldiers. -
Eight Year Study Published
This study demonstrated that when objectives are stated in behavioral terms the objectives can serve as a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of instruction. -
Cone of Experience
Dale publishes book on audiovisual methods in teaching. -
Television Era Begins
Instructional programming used the new medium of television to reach greater audiences. -
Programmed Instruction Movement
Programmed Instruction introduces the systems approach to education. BF Skinner and Benjamin Bloom's works were prominent during this period -
Ford Foundation
The Ford Foundation spends more than $170 million on educational television. -
Bloom's Taxonomy
Bloom publishes his classifications of learning objectives -
Adaptive Teaching Machine
Gordon Pask publishes his work on the design of adaptive teaching machines. -
Mager's Objectives for Programmed Instruction
Mager pioneered the process for writing behavioral objectives. -
Emergence of criterion-reference assessment
Robert Glaser developed the term criterion referenced measures which became criterion-reference testing. -
Gagne's Conditions of Learning
Gagne puts forth two ideas about learning. 1) Domains of Learning/Types of Learning Outcomes: Verbal information, intellectual skills, psychomotor skills, attitudes and cognitive strategies. 2) 9 Events of instruction or teaching activities: Gain Attention, Inform Learners of Objectives, Stimulate Recall of Prior Learning, Present the Content, Provide Learning "Guidance", Elicit Performance, Provide Feedback, Assess Performance, Enhance Retention and Transfer -
Design Evaluation
Scriven coined the terms formative and summative. -
40 Models of Systems of Designed Instruction are Identified
Interest in instructional design as a process was on the rise. Numerous IDT models appeared such as the Dick & Carey Model, and Gagne and Briggs. -
AECT
The name change from Department of Audio Visual Instruction to Association for Educational Communications and Technology represents a terminology shift that took place at this time -
Graduate Programs in IDT
First Graduate programs in IDT were created -
US Military adopts IDT Model
The United States Military adopts an instructional design model. -
Micro Computer Era
Educators were interested in using personal computers as an instructional tool. With the creation and distribution of micro computers, instructional designers were offered a medium that was very individualized. -
Psychology and Instructional Design
Principles of cognitive psychology were applied to the instructional design process. -
Constructivist Theory & the Importance of Performance
Constructivists believe that learning experiences should be “authentic” and produce real-world learning environments that allow the learner to construct their own knowledge. This emphasis on the learner was a significant departure away from traditional forms of instructional design. -
Rise of the Internet & Online Learning
The Internet, with its social media tools and multitudes of information resources, became a very popular tool for online learning, and instructional designers recognized the need to integrate e-learning into the creation of learning objects and curricula -
E-tools....
The influence of e-tools continues to grow and has seemingly encouraged the growth of informal learning throughout a person's lifetime. The challenge for instructional designers is how to create learning opportunities that now may occur anywhere and anytime
