-
Alfred Binet
Alfred Binet is a French psychologist who is credited with inventing the first practical I.Q. Test. This came about after he was asked by the French Ministry of Education to create an instrument to help identify students who required remediation. By working with his collaborative partner, Theodore Smith, they developed the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale. -
Lewis Termin
Lewis Termin adapted Binet's intelligence scale so that it compared one's mental age to one's physical age. This created a test that was able to more accurately test children's intelligence.The updated test was aptly named the Binet-Stanford test and coined the term Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and is still being used today. -
Renzulli's 3 Ring Definition of Giftedness
"Gifted behaviour occurs in certain people, at certain times, under certain circumstances." - Joseph Renzulli
This quote sums up the the idea behind Renzulli's development of the 3 Ring Definition of Giftedness. He considers that in order to develop gifted behavior 3 elements, above average ability, creativity, and task commitment must be present. If high achievement or giftedness is to observed these three elements must work together. -
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence
Howard Gardner a professor at Harvard University stated that it is,
"Not how smart you are, but how are you smart". This resulted from his research and theory of Multiple Intelligences. He identified 8 intelligences which are Logical/Mathematical, Linguistic, Musical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Naturalist, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. In education the focus is mainly seen in Logical/Mathematical and Linguistic. -
Tannenbaum - 5 point Sea Star Model
In 1983 after years of research, Abraham Tannenbaum published the 5 point Sea Star Model for identifying potential gifted children. This is an important milestone in Gifted Education because he redefined the definition of giftedness which up until now was focused purely on raw intellectual ability. "He defined giftedness as the ability to perform or produce work “that enhances the moral, physical, emotional, social, intellectual, or aesthetic life of humanity.” (Columbia Teachers College, 2004) -
Gagne's Differentiated Model of Gifted and Talented
Francoys Gagne created a Differentiated Model of Gifted and Talents (DMGT) In this model, Gagne suggests that there is a clear differentiation between a persons natural talents which can be systematically evolve from gifts, therefore talents are developed from giftedness. In this model is shows that there are 2 catalysts, intrapersonal and environmental that help giftedness develop into talent. -
John Templeton Foundation
In 2004 The Templeton Foundation released a report, "A Nation Deceived", taking into account 50 years worth of research to support the concept that various forms of acceleration of gifted students consistently show positive impacts. Previously the common perception was that skipping a grade impede's a child's emotional and social growth, however, this report showed quite the contrary. This report showed the moving students ahead academically showed a positive impact in social growth.
