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400 BCE
Sophist
Many sophists specialized in using the tools of philosophy and rhetoric, though other sophists taught subjects such as music, athletics, and mathematics. They taught by utilizing lectures and group discussions creating a technique in education - revolutionary. -
The Blackboard
With use mainly for large classrooms, the blackboard changed the way teachers presented information synchronously to students. -
American Sign Language
First visual language is created, changing the way people with hearing difficulties communicate. -
American Kindergarten
Although German speaking school, the first kindergarten providing young minds a place to learn by playing. -
First Instrustional Media - Film
Rochester, NY - University used film for instructional use launching it's popularity. -
Constructivist Theory
Popular theory among instructional designers. Constructivism is basically a theory -- based on observation and scientific study -- about how people learn. It says that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences. Dewey, Piaget and Vigotsky brought about this theory. -
Birth of Instructional Design
World War II brought about instructional design as Gagne, Briggs and Flanagan were recruited by the military to create training for new recruits. -
Programmed Instruction Movement
B.F. Skinner outlines the concept of programmed instructional materials through his article “The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching” -
9 Events of Instruction
Robert Gagne identifies the 9 events of instruction highlighting some very important areas in learning hierarchies and hierarchical analysis. -
Closed Captioning
At the First National Conference on Television for the Hearing Impaired in 1971, two possible technologies for captioning television programs debuted. Both technologies displayed the captions only on specially equipped sets for deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers. -
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
The Act stated that "no qualified individual with a disability in the United States shall be excluded from, denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under." This act made way for the way we educated American with disabilities -
Personal Computer
In April 1977, Jobs and Wozniak introduced the Apple II, which had a keyboard and a color screen. Also, users could store their data on an external cassette tape. (Apple soon swapped those tapes for floppy disks.) To make the Apple II as useful as possible, the company encouraged programmers to create “applications” for it. This made the Apple a practical tool for all kinds of people (and businesses)–not just hobbyists. - http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/invention-of-the-pc -
First Screen Reader
Jim Thatcher created the first screen reader at IBM, called IBM Screen Reader (for DOS). At first it wasn't trademarked because it was primarily for low vision staff members. He later created a Screen Reader/2 for graphical interface PCs (4). -
508 added to Rehabilitation Act
Section 508 is added to the Rehabilitation Act, requiring that government agencies make their websites more accessible to people with disabilities. Some of these requirements include text descriptions of images, elimination of flashing colors, and regulations against changing a user’s preset contrast setting (16). -
Public Internet
The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States Federal Government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks. The linking of commercial networks and enterprises in the early 1990s marked the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet, and generated rapid growth as institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to the network. -
eLearning Popularity
eLearning is learning utilizing electronic technologies to access educational curriculum outside of a traditional classroom. In most cases, it refers to a course, program or degree delivered completely online.
