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Period: to
Before CALL
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Chalks&Slates
Erasable slates, a cheap but durable substitute for costly paper and ink, had been used for centuries. Students could practice reading and writing and math on their slates, in the classroom or at home. -
Blackboard(Chalkboard)
Blackboard is a smoothly planed wooden boards painted with a durable porcelaine paint.
After combining multiple slates in High Schools early 1800s,blackboard was commercially produced in 1830s.
It holds an important role for visual communication in the class for large audience with cheaper cost.
It is mostly replaced by whiteboard or electronic digital boards as of today. -
Radio
In the History of Educational Technology,broadcast follows the oral and written communication and radio is the first device to broadcast.
BBC started broadcasting for education mid 1920s. -
TV/Motion picture
In 1932,a State University in USA broadcasted for instructional purpose.Since then TV and projectors have been an importan figure in ELT classes as it provides both audio-visual experience. -
B.F. Skinner's Teaching Machine
Originally designed in 1920 but enhanced by B.F. Skinner in 1957,the machine is a rectangular wooden box with a hinged metal lid with windows. Various paper discs fit inside, with questions and answers written.Used in Structural CALL with students given the instructions. -
Period: to
Computer Assisted Language Learning-CALL
Computer Assisted Language Learning,shortly CALL,refers to the way that computers are integrated to the language learning,to utilize technology and ease the experience. -
Personal Computers
With several years of improvements,computers had become such a long way they were much smaller in size and faster in processing then first generation.Combining with all other exterior parts,personal computer was more available to home users.
With that,type writers mostly became obsolete.Combining it with highly successful and common PLATO,computer assisted instruction,pc dived right into the communicative CALL. -
CD-ROM
CD-ROM was one of the mobile storage to use in pc.What makes it useful is it can be used to storage any audio,video,application,written information(book,dictionary etc.) -
Internet
Internet basically made creating and linking documents, videos or other digital media, without the need for the end-user to transcribe everything into some form of computer code.
The accessibility made it massively popular all around world and with today's technology it gets better exponentially with higher speed and better hardware. -
Smartboard
Smartboard was officially manufactured in 1991,replacing blackboards in developed countries.As it sounds,it is a digital electronic board with advanced featured,using touchscreen,properties of Tv/projector or radio and computers.As for the language classes,this tool makes teaching and learning more fun and easier. -
Online Course
With Internet being a common tool,online courses was also launched for either personal,business or educational purposes.Coming a long way since then,online courses has been a common language learning tool for many people at the same time from different parts of the world. -
Social Media
Rarely for that time,Sixdegrees.com was one of the few social media sites.Unlike the expected,Sixdegrees had non-educational content.But with the later upcoming social media sites,anyone can grab what they need for their language learning.Such as instructional videos on Youtube,educationa pins on Pinterest,language learning communities on Reddit and so on. -
Period: to
MALL
MALL is a learning process that aims to help the learner with mobile devices for language acquisition.With usage of media players such as mp3,mp4 or mobile disc players,daily gadgets like smartphones,tablets,MALL utilizes learning from any place and time. -
References & Links
https://slate.com/human-interest/2014/10/a-history-of-the-blackboard-how-the-blackboard-became-an-effective-and-ubiquitous-teaching-tool.html
https://scotscoop.com/how-interactive-whiteboards-took-over/#:~:text=Xerox%20PARC%20invented%20the%20first,first%20product%2C%20the%20SMART%20Board.
https://edusoftlearning.com/mall-mobile-assisted-language-learning/
https://www.pexels.com/tr-tr/