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1450
Caravel invented
This was a fast Spanish or Portugal ship that used triangular sails. This led to more exploration in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. -
1488
Bartholomew Dias discovered end of Africa
At this point in time people believed that Africa didn't have an end. Bartholomew Dias wanted to prove this wrong, and find a way around it so he could get to the spice islands. -
Oct 12, 1492
Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas
Christopher Columbus originally set out to find India but stumbled upon the Americas. He claimed lots of land for Spain making the empire richer. -
Jun 7, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas made
This treaty established the line of demarcation. This line was drawn to stop the fighting over the land. It gave Portugal Brazil, and everything east of it, while Spain got everything west of Brazil. -
May 20, 1498
Vasco da Gama finds route to India
Vasco da Gama was the first to make it to the Spice Islands and India. This allowed for him to trade and become rich because of how much the spices were worth in Europe. -
Apr 22, 1500
Pedro Cabral discovered Brazil
Pedro Cabral was the first Portuguese explorer in the new world. He discovered Brazil and claimed it for Portugal. This led to the expansion of the Portuguese power -
Period: 1508 to 1512
The Sistine Chapel painted
The Sistine Chapel was painted by Michelangelo. This whole chapel is covered wall too celling in gorgeous paintings expressing humanism. -
Sep 13, 1513
Vasco Nunez de Balboa discovered Pacific Ocean
Vasco Nunez de Balboa was the first to walk across Panama and discover the Pacific Ocean. He claimed the ocean and all the shores in it for Spain. This allowed for them to have all the west coast for trading ports. -
Oct 31, 1517
Ninety-five Theses created
Martin Luther created this stating all the corruption there was in Catholicism. He had no intent on starting his won religion, he just wanted Catholicism to change its ways. However, this led to the creation of a new religion call Lutheranism. -
Oct 21, 1520
Ferdinand Magellan finds channel linking the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
Ferdinand Magellan, a Spanish explorer discovered a channel below modern day Argentina. This channel he discovered linked the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This allowed an easier way to get to the other ocean instead of going around. -
1521
Hernán Cortés destroyed the Aztecs
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador who was seeking gold from the Aztecs. They refused to give up gold so he attacked them, and destroyed their building and took away all their gold. -
Period: Apr 17, 1521 to Apr 26, 1521
Diet of Worms
This was a court case in the town of Worms. Charles V was trying to get Martin Luther to take back what he said about Catholicism. Martin Luther refused. He was charged with nothing, however he had a reward on his head for the person who captured him. This resulted in Lutheranism becoming bigger. -
1533
Henry VIII breaks away from Catholic church
Henry VIII believed that his wife couldn't have kids, so he wanted an annulment. He asked the pope but the pope refused so he broke away and created his own religion. This religion was called Anglicanism, and he was allowed an annulment. -
1541
Calvinism founded
In Geneva there was a man named John Calvin. He didn't believe in the Catholic teachings and created Calvinism. In this religion they believed in predestination. This meant that they didn't believe they had choices in their life, and that God had planned everything they were doing, including whether they were going to heaven or hell. -
Period: Dec 13, 1545 to Dec 4, 1563
Council of Trent
This was a meeting with all the Catholic leaders. In this meeting they talked about their corruptness, so that they could clean it up and get more people to join it again. They also talked about cutting indulgences. This led to the cleaning up of the Catholic church. -
Jan 15, 1549
Book of Common Prayer published
The Book of Common Prayer was written by Thomas Cranmer. He was the main Anglican priest. This book was used in all the churches, and led the way for Anglicans in England. -
1553
Mary Tudor and return of Catholic Church
Mary Tudor, ascended the the throne after Edward VI. She was a devote Catholic, and killed tons of people. She also had Thomas Cranmer executed. This caused lots of confusion for the people on whether they were Catholic or Anglican. -
Jan 16, 1556
Abdication of Charles V
Charles V abdicated because of wars in the new world, rebellion form the Dutch, fear of war from the Ottoman Empire, Protestant activity in the Holy Roman Empire, and physical deformity. Philip II followed him. -
Mar 21, 1556
Thomas Cramer executed
Mary Tudor had him executed. However, before she had him write out multiple times that he was wrong and that he lied about Anglicanism. When we went to get burnt, he put his hand in first saying this was the hand that sinned. -
1559
Elizabethan Compromise created
Elizabeth I created this after Mary Tudor died. This allowed for religious tolerance so that people didn't have to worry about sudden changes in religion. -
Period: 1562 to
Civil wars in France
There were three wars, these wars were fought between Huguenots and Catholics. Huguenots were what they called Calvinists in France. These wars ended with the Edict of Nantes. -
Aug 24, 1572
Bartholomew’s Day Massacres
Troops killed lots of Huguenot lords in the night, so when people woke up and witnessed this, they went and killed all their Huguenot neighbors. This went on for weeks, as the news spread. More than 10,000 Huguenots were killed. -
Spanish Armada creation
King Phillip II dumped all of Spain's money into building these ships, only to have it sunken in the harbor by Francis Drake, They rebuilt and set sail in 1588. -
England defeats armada
England sent boats on fire toward the Spanish during the night. This caused them to cut their anchors. The current carried them around England and most were sunken by storms. This caused the belief of England having the best navy in the world, and for Spain to go bankrupt. -
Period: to
Edict of Nantes
This was created by Henry IV. He was the Huguenot political leader. When he was called to the throne he knew the citizens wouldn't accept a Huguenot leader, so he converted to Catholicism. However, he was still sympathetic to the Huguenots, so he made the Edict of Nantes. This document gave fair religious rights to both religions. This lated a long time. -
Dutch East India Company created
This was the first company you could invest in stocks. You would invest money in different explorations. You could gain lots of money or lose lots of money. This money helped fund the explorations. This lead to lots of voyages, and a way for the poor to make money. -
Tudor bloodline ended Stuart’s begin
Elizabeth I dies and ends the Tudor bloodline, and James I begins the Stuart bloodline. The Tudor's were ok with parliament and cooperated. The Stuart's believed in divine right, and didn't get along with parliament. -
Period: to
English Civil War
Charles II attacked parliament, and created a civil war. The Roundheads were the Puritans (English Calvinists) who believed in parliament. Oliver Cromwell was a military genius who led them. The Cavaliers were Anglicans that believed in the divine right of the king. Roundheads won. -
Period: to
Louis XIV reign
King of France, he was a great example of Absolutism. He was also known as the sun king. He had all the nobles live with him because he gave them status, privilege, and tax exemptions. He got power, money, obedience, and military troops. This created the idea of robe nobles, and sword nobles. Robe nobles lived with him and partied, sword nobles stayed back in their towns and defended it. -
Period: to
Commonwealth in England
This was the 11 year period that England was a republic. This was after the civil war, and was created by Oliver Cromwell. He was kind of like a dictator over it. It collapsed after he died, and also because of the strict Puritan rules. -
William and Mary take over and become rulers of England
James II becomes king. He is a Catholic and England like having religious tolerance. Parliament sent a letter to William of Orange. They invited him to take over, and when he did no blood was shed because no one fought for James II. James II went into exile and William and Mary became rulers. -
Bill of Rights created
Parliament made William sign this, it created the Toleration Act. This stated that any Protestant religion was allowed, and it banned Catholicism. The Bill of Rights also secured parliament's position in government.