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School museums
1st museums in St. Louis- Visual Instruction -
Instructional Films
First catalog of films -
Audiovisual Instruction
Radio, Broadcasting, sound recordings, sound motion pictures -
Department of Visual Instruction (DVI)
Merging of 3 professional organizations for visual instruction -
Audio Visual Instruction Movement
During WWII training films were produced and projectors -
Instructional Television
Television was used to deliver instruction -
"Taxonomy of Educative Objectives"
Written by Benjamin Bloom- classified objectives according to learning behavior -
"The Science of learning and the art of Teaching"
Article was written by B.F. Skinner describing how to increase learning by effective instructional materials -
Criterion Test
Robert Glass created test based on individual performance not a group performance -
Behavorial Objectives
Robert Mager identified that objectives should be written citing a behavior, condition, criteria -
Instructional Design Model
A systematical design which includes the task, objectives and testing -
Behavioral Learning Theory
Learning is based on observation, stimulus and response and driven by the environment -
"The Condition of Learning"
Robert Gagne wrote a book that descibed the five Domains of Learning -
Gagne's Theory of Instruction
Theory based on cognitive information and effective teachers in the classroom -
Evaluation
Michael Scriven coined the formative and summative assessment -
Cognitive Information Processing Theory
Internal processes and the environment shape learning -
Traditional Instructional Design Models
ADDIE- analyze, design, develop,implement and evaluate -
Growth and Redirection
Time period in which Instructional Design was more a concern for business than public school. -
Computers for Instruction
Computer are incorporated in the classroom -
Performance based Testing
On the job training, non instructional solution to performance -
Constructivism
The gains information from the environment and relies on stored memory in the learning process. -
Shift toward positivist
shift toward positivist or objective psychology -
"Educatonal Technology" devoted toward constructivism
Special issue of Educational Technology devoted toward Constructivism -
More attention to learners, instructors and designers
Growth in educational games, media and the web to influence engagement, participation and the learning process -
Technology Today
Internet, Face book, Twitter, You tube, Mobile devices, PC