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Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme court ruled segregation of public schools unconstitutional in violation of the fourteenth amendment. "Separate but equal" was in fact not equal; schools became desegregated. Landmark legislation that began civil rights acts, especially in the field of special needs education. Retrieved from: https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=87 -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
- Provided equal access to education for all.
- Federal funding for education in primary and secondary schools for students disadvantaged by poverty.
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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
First disability civil rights act in the U.S.- Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities who receive financial aid and assistance.
- Discrimination prohibited in programs and activities both public and private.
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Education for All Handicapped Children Act
All public schools must provide equal access to education services for children with physical and mental disabilities. Retrieved from: https://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.html -
Public Law 101-476
Amended Public Law 94-142.- Traumatic brain injury and autism to be included within categories of disability.
- ITP (Individualized Transition Plan) must be created to help the exceptional students transition to post-secondary life.
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Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Civil rights law that prohibits discrimination in the area of employment, public services, and accommodations solely the basis of disability. Retrieved from: https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/history/35th/1990s/ada.html -
IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)
Education for All Handicapped Children's Act amended to become IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act).- All children and youth have the right to free, appropriate, and public education.
- Expansion of the definition of "developmental delay" from ages birth to five years to also include ages six through nine.
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No Child Left Behind Act
Public Law No: 107-334- Amended Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to revise and authorize various programs.
- Increased federal funding for public schools, established standardized testing and reform.
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Amendment of IDEA
Amendment of IDEA.- Provides federal financial aid to state and local education to guarantee special education services to children with disabilities.
- Emphasis on early intervention, greater accountability, and raised standards for special educators.
- Children aged 3-21 determined eligible in one of thirteen disability categories.
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Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act
Amended ADA -- Made changes to the definition of "disability" under the ADA.
- Provided more broad protection and coverage from discrimination for individuals with disabilities.
- Enacted 09/25/2008; made effective 01/01/2009.
