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HISTORICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY ACHIEVEMENTS

By am8888f
  • 6000 BCE

    YOGURT AND CHEESE

    YOGURT AND CHEESE
    Neolithic peoples of Central Asia began the practice of milking their animals, and the natural enzymes in the carrying containers curdled the milk, essentially making yogurt. Later on, they adopted the process of making cheese,

  • BACTERIA AND PROTOZOA DISOVERED

    BACTERIA AND PROTOZOA DISOVERED
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers/describes bacteria and protozoa.

  • 1ST VIRAL VACCINE USED

    1ST VIRAL VACCINE USED
    Edward Jenner uses the 1st viral vaccine to inoculate a child from smallpox.

  • ORIGIN OF FERMENTATION

    ORIGIN OF FERMENTATION
    Louis Pasteur discovers the bacterial origin of fermentation.

  • LAWS OF INHERITANCE

    LAWS OF INHERITANCE
    Gregor Mendel discoveres the laws of inheritance.

  • STAINING BACTERIA

    STAINING BACTERIA
    Rob Koch develops technique for staining bacteria for identification.

  • VACCINES FOR CHOLERA & ANTHRAX

    VACCINES FOR CHOLERA & ANTHRAX
    Louis Pasteur develops vaccines against bacteria that cause cholera and anthrax.

  • FIRST RABIES VACCINE

    FIRST RABIES VACCINE
    Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux develop the first rabies vaccine and use it on Joseph Meister.

  • TERM BIOTECHNOLOGY USED FOR THE FIRST TIME

    TERM BIOTECHNOLOGY USED FOR THE FIRST TIME
    Karl Ereky uses the word biotechnology for the first time. He coined the term to describe the merging of biology and technology.

  • FIRST ANTIBIOTIC

    FIRST ANTIBIOTIC
    Alexander Fleming notices that certain mold could stop duplication of bacteria, leading to the first antibiotic, pencillin.

  • DNA STRUCTURE SOLVED

    DNA STRUCTURE SOLVED
    James D. Watson and Francis Crick solve the structure of DNA for the first time. Other scientists, like Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, also contributed to this discovery.

  • FIRST KIDNEY TRANSPLANT BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS

    FIRST KIDNEY TRANSPLANT BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS
    Dr. Joseph Murray performs the first kidney transplant between identical twins.

  • DISCOVERY OF FLUORESCENT PROTEIN IN JELLYFISH

    DISCOVERY OF FLUORESCENT PROTEIN IN JELLYFISH
    Dr. Osamu Shimomura discovers the green fluorescent protein in the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. He later develops it into a tool for observing previously invisible cellular processes.

  • FIRST COMPLETE GENE SYNTHESIZED

    FIRST COMPLETE GENE SYNTHESIZED
    Dr. Har Gobind Khorana synthesizes the first complete gene at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

  • FIRST RECOMBINANT DNA EXPERIMENT W/BACTERIAL GENES

    FIRST RECOMBINANT DNA EXPERIMENT W/BACTERIAL GENES
    Stanley Norman Cohen and Herbert Boyer perform the first successful recombinant DNA experiment using bacterial genes.

  • PATENT FOR GENE CLONING AWARDED

    PATENT FOR GENE CLONING AWARDED
    The US patent for gene cloning is awarded to Cohen and Boyer.

  • TREATMENT OF DIABETES

    TREATMENT OF DIABETES
    Humulin, Genentech's human insulin drug produced by genetically engineered bacteria for treatment of diabetes, first biotech drug approved by Food and Drug Administration.

  • POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION CONCEIVED

    POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION CONCEIVED
    Polymerase chain reaction conceived by Kary Mullis.

  • FIRST YEAST ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES INVENTED

    FIRST YEAST ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES INVENTED
    Dr. Maynard Olson and colleagues at Washington University invent yeast artificial chromosomes, which are expression vectors for large proteins.

  • FIRST BIOLOGICAL DERIVED HUMAN THERAPEUTIC APPROVED

    FIRST BIOLOGICAL DERIVED HUMAN THERAPEUTIC APPROVED
    The FDA approves Amgen’s first biologically derived human therapeutic for treatment of cancer.

  • FIRST APPROVED GENE THERAPY PERFORMANCE

    FIRST APPROVED GENE THERAPY PERFORMANCE
    First federal approved gene therapy performed on a girl with immune disorder by Dr. W. French Anderson at NIH Clinical Center.

  • "FLAVR SAVR TOMATO" APPROVED

    "FLAVR SAVR TOMATO" APPROVED
    US FDA approves "Flavr Savr Tomato" developed by Calenge, a small biotech company.

  • FIRST HUMAN ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME IS CREATED

    FIRST HUMAN ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME IS CREATED
    The first human artificial chromosome is created by researchers in Ohio. A combination of natural and synthetic DNA is used to create a genetic cassette that can potentially be customized and used in gene therapy.

  • "ROUGH DRAFT" FOR HUMAN GENOME COMPLETED

    "ROUGH DRAFT" FOR HUMAN GENOME COMPLETED
    Completed "rough draft" of human genome by Dr. Francis Collins and her team of the National Institutes of Health that took part in the effort.

  • HUMAN GENOME PROJECT COMPLETED

    HUMAN GENOME PROJECT COMPLETED
    Human Genome Project is completed by the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium and provides information on locations and sequence of human genes on all 46 human chromosomes.

  • DISCOVERED USE OF HUMAN SKIN CELLS TO CREATE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS

    DISCOVERED USE OF HUMAN SKIN CELLS TO CREATE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
    Scientists at University of Wisconsin-Madison discover how to use human skin cells to create embryonic stem cells.

  • A STEP CLOSER TO CREATING FIRST ARTIFICIAL LIVING ORGANISM

    A STEP CLOSER TO CREATING FIRST ARTIFICIAL LIVING ORGANISM
    Dr. J. Craig Venter and his team replicate a bacterium's genetic structure entirely from laboratory chemicals, moving a step closer toward creating the world's first living artificial organism.

  • FIRST SYNTHETIC CELL

    FIRST SYNTHETIC CELL
    Researchers at the J. Craig Venter Institute create the first synthetic cell.

  • SKIN PRINTING

    SKIN PRINTING
    Advances in 3D printing plus innovative artist and inventor, Michael Vasilantone, lead to "skin printing."

  • 3D VISUALIZATION AND AUGMENTED REALITY FOR SURGERY

    3D VISUALIZATION AND AUGMENTED REALITY FOR SURGERY
    The augmented reality is a turning point for doctors. Those who have piloted the technology say the added comfort and visual information will allow surgeons to operate more efficiently and effectively. These advancements have been made possible by many companies.