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A study aimed to reduce healthcare paperwork.
In 1961, IBM and Akron Children's Hospital worked together to create the first computer-based patient record system. It was used to keep all patient records in one place, share information about patients, cut down on paperwork, and let staff know when patients needed their medicine.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdjqmwN7sdQ&t=31s -
The first survey to test EMRs
15 terminals were installed in the hospital. Terminals had multiple functions, including data recording. Central computers improve data management.
Expected benefits: less paperwork, better disease correlation, and medication accuracy.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdjqmwN7sdQ&t=31s -
Patient Care Component (PCC) launched
It is the primary clinical component of the Resource and Patient Management System (RPMS), providing facilities with access to decades of personal health information and epidemiological data (“Electronic Health Record | Indian Health Service (IHS)” n.d.).
https://www.oneviewhealthcare.com/blog/the-eight-principles-of-patient-centered-care/
https://www.ihs.gov/EHR/#:~:text=Its%20development%20began%20nearly%2030,)%2C%20was%20launched%20in%201984 -
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) released Computer-Based Patient Records
The Institute of Medicine's study on upgrading patient records was a milestone for several individuals and institutions developing computer-based patient records. Computer-based Patient Records: An Essential Technology for Health Care advocated that CPRs become the standard patient record format within a decade.(Detmer and Steen 1996).
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8880264/#:~:text=In%201991%20the%20Institute%20of,based%20patient%20records%20(CPRs).
PMC2793587 -
WHO adopted ICD-10 Coding
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) is a system used by physicians to classify and code all diagnoses, symptoms and procedures for claims processing which is way better than ICD-9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7960170/#:~:text=Historically%2C%20updates%20occurred%20approximately%20once,17%2C000%20codes%20to%20approximately%20155%2C000. -
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
HIPAA, a federal legislation, established uniform standards to secure sensitive patient health information from disclosure without authorization or knowledge. HHS implemented HIPAA with the HIPAA Privacy Rule. The HIPAA Security Rule safeguards some Privacy Rule data (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2019).
https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/publications/topic/hipaa.html#:~:text=The%20Health%20Insurance%20Portability%20and,the%20patient's%20consent%20or%20knowledge. -
American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) & the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act
To increase health IT uptake and meaningful usage. Several sections in Subtitle D of the HITECH Act improve civil and criminal enforcement of HIPAA requirements to address privacy and security issues related to electronic health information transfer (Rights (OCR) 2009).
https://technologyadvice.com/blog/healthcare/history-of-meaningful-use-2015/ -
Affordable Care Act (ACA) - Accountable Care Organisations(ACO)
ACA- to make health care more affordable and fair. The law talks about health insurance benefits, how much health care costs, and how to stay healthy.
Prediction- Accountable care organisations (ACOs) will use digital health tools to help people with opioid use disorder (OUD). It shows how ACOs are using technology more and more to improve care and results for their patients.
https://www.chcs.org/media/ACO-Policy-Paper_022718.pdf -
Ebola virus disease and HIT response
The response team needs technology and solutions to provide seamless and fast data flow for early detection and reaction to new EVD cases. The reaction involved contact follow-up, case identification, investigation, management, and strategic planning using the Open Data Kit, Form Hub, Dashboard, and ArcGIS mapping.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4482726/ -
Cybersecurity Act of 2015
Cybersecurity is essential for healthcare organisations. On the information black market, healthcare data is maybe the most valuable. Prediction- With a focus on meaningful use, cybersecurity is becoming an important motivation in health care. It talks about the problems and new ways of keeping health information technology safe.
https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2018/10/18/hhs_fact_sheet_-_csa_405d_cleared.pdf -
Impact of COVID on HIT
Use of analytics to screen, triage, and manage patients. Use of telehealth and remote monitoring to manage patients and populations. Use of EHR systems and administrative systems to manage internal operations of a hospital or health system and Use of informatics methods and systems by public health authorities to capture, store, manage, and visualise population-level data and information (Dixon and Holmes 2021).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8416201/