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Period: 1509 to 1547
Henri VIII´s reign
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1517
martin luther - the ninety-five theses
Martin Luther, a German monk wrote "the ninety-five theses" in which he protests against catholism and Indulgences being sold. It will spread through Europe. In 1521, Luther will be excommunicated because of this book. -
1526
The tyndale Bible
The New Testament is translated into English by William Tyndale -
1529
Henry’s first divorce is rejected by the Pope
Henry VIII wants to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, the Pope will reject request. It will progressively led to Henry VIII’s break with Rome and the Catholicism. -
1534
Act of supremacy
The act of supremacy gives the right to Henry VIII to be the supreme head of the Church of England. It will provoc a schism. The same year, the act of succession makes Ann Boleyn, Henry VIII´s new wife, the legitimate queen. -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Edward VI’s reign
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1549
The publication of the book of prayers
The book of prayers is a number of prayer books used in the Anglican Communion. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary I´s reign
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Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I´s reign
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1559
Act of supremacy
In the second act of supremacy, Elizabeth declared herself Supreme Governor of the Church of England. -
1570
Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth
Pope Puis V called Elizabeth I a "so-called queen" and a "heretic favouring heretics" and excommunicated her. He also almost gives a licence to the catholic to kill her without any repercutions. In response, she made being a treason to say she wasn’t the queen. -
The execution of Mary Queen of Scots
Mary Stuart, queen of Scots and Elizabeth’s cousin, was a threat to Elizabeth for being a catholic and her legitime heir.
Afraid that Mary could replace her, Elizabeth kept her imprisoned for 19 years. After finding a letter between Mary and some young Catholics who were planning to kill Elizabeth, she had Mary executed. -
The defeat of the Spanish armada
The King of Spain, Philip II, supported many plots against Elizabeth, mostly because she supported the Dutch revolt against Spain. For this reason, he tried, and fail, to invade England. This victory was important for Elizabeth because it proved to the English nation her legitimacy. She gave a speech during this invasion, the Tilbury speech that served as an inspiration for the English soldiers. -
Period: to
James I´s reign
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Gunpowder plot
The gubnpowder plot was a conspiracy devised by a small group of catholics to blow up Parliament and kill James I because he continued Elizabeth harsh repressive laws. -
First english colonies
In 1607, the first english colonies were formed in north america and more precisely in Virginia were they established jamestown, the first permanent settlement. -
The starving time
In 1609, and until 1610, a colonists went through a period of starvation that left only 60 survivors of the 500 colonists. -
the Great Contract
In 1610, a financial reform was imposed to help the financial issues of England and of the king, the Great Contract was the centerpiece of this reform. -
Period: to
The Thirty Years' War
The thirty years' war is a war that last 30 years, giving it this name. It starts in 1618 as a fought between Roman Catholics and Protestants in Germany. One of the reason that starts this conflict is the arranged marriage between James I's daughter and a Protestant prince of Palatine. -
Period: to
Charles’s reign
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Period: to
The Personal Rule / The eleven years Tyranny
The Personal rule is an 11 years period, also called The Eleven Years Tyranny, during which the King ruled without a Parliament. It endend in 1640 when Charles I needed money to fight Scots so he had to call a Parliament (the short parliament). -
Period: to
The scottish crisis
In 1637, a new prayer book came out but the changes it had were deemed unacceptable. This will cause riot and the start od the scottish crisis. -
The Militia Act and the Grand Remonstrance
In 1641, Parliament made reforms to take away some of the King's power : the militia act daying that the army should be place under the control of a general choosed by Parliament. And, the Grand Remonstrance, a document stipulating the right of the House of commons to choose thr king's ministers. -
Period: to
The Interregnum
After Charles I's execution, England known a period of interregnum.
During this Interregnum period, they were two phases, the Commonwealth, from 1649 to 1653 when the country was governed by its people instead of a king.
Then from 1653 to 1660, the Cromwellian Protectorate, it was a military dictatorship with Cromwell for its leader named Lord Protector. -
Period: to
Charles II's reign
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The end of the Protectorate leading to the restoration of a King
The monarchy got restored with Charles II -
Period: to
Seven Years' War
Between 1756 and 1763, the Seven years' war, britain gained Florida over the Spanish and most of canada over the french. -
Period: to
England lost its american colonies
Between 1775 and 1783, England lost a huge part of their colonies in america, because of the American War of Independance, marking the end of 'the First British Empire" -
Acts of Union
The Acts of Union created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and ireland.