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The city encompassed some 13 square kilometers with around 60,000 inhabitants.
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Otomí and Chichimeca Indians occupied Tula, calling it Namenhí(place of many people). They, in turn, fell to the Mexica and were incorporated into the Aztec Empire by Moctezuma Ilhuicamina in the 15th century.
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In his quest to conquer the Aztec empire, the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés entered Hidalgo in 1520
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Beginning in 1552, rich silver deposits were discovered in the vicinity of Pachuca and Real del Monte, spurring a new wave of Spanish settlement. A few years later Bartolomé de Medina perfected the amalgamation method.
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In 1717 the Spanish crown abolished the encomienda system
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Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a priest in the town of Dolores, Guanajuato, began to advocate Mexican independence from Spain, rallying the state’s patriots and parish priests in support of the cause.
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In 1861 President Benito Juárez suspended payments on Mexico’s foreign debts; the French responded by invading the country the following year
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French Invasion
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Hidalgo becomes a state of the Mexican Republic.