Henry VIII

Henry VII dies

Apr 21, 1509

His death was kept secret for 3 days following his death to allow consolidation.

Empson and Dudley are detained in the Tower of London

Apr 24, 1509

Henry marries Catherine of Aragon

Jun 11, 1509

Henry VIII is coronated

Jun 24, 1509

Empson and Dudley are executed

Aug 17, 1509

They were both beheaded on the grounds of treason

The Treaty of Etaples is renewed.

1510

The treaty was initially formed under Henry VII and ensured a £5000 yearly pension from France.

Henry holds his first Parliament

Jan 21, 1510

This parliament was dissolved on the 23rd of February.

Catherine of Aragon gives birth to a son.

1511

He is named after his father to riotous celebration but dies at 7 weeks old.

England joins the League of Cambrai

Oct 13, 1511

Part of this deal meant that Henry would attack the French with force

Ferdinand uses England's troops as a distraction to claim Bayonne

Jun 1, 1512

Henry had committed 10,000 troops to attacking France and the aid promised by Ferdinand of Spain was never forthcoming.

The First French War

Period: 1513 to 1514

The Battle of the Spurs

Aug 16, 1513

The Holy Roman Empire and England were allies in defeating France at the Battle of the Spurs.
This was when Henry captured Tournai and Therouanne.

Treaty of St Germaine en Layne

Jul 9, 1514

The negotiations ensured the continued French Pension to England and that Henry got to keep Tournai for the remainder of his reign.

Henry appoints Wolsey as Chancellor

1515

Princess Mary is born

Feb 18, 1516

Mary was Catherine of Aragon's only surviving child and would go on to become England's first reigning Queen.

The Verona/ Venice incident

1517

This was when Wolsey gave HRE Maximilian 40,000 florins to protect Verona from Venice. The following week HRE Maximilian sells Verona to Venice for 20,000 florins.

Wolsey is made Papal Legate

1518

The Treaty of London

Oct 3, 1518

This was a non-aggresion pact that the Pope, France, Spain and 20 other countries signed. All agreed to aid the war against the Turkish

Charles V becomes HRE following Maximilian's death

1519

this effectively made Spain part of the Holy Roman Empire as Charles was a Spanish King

Field of the Cloth of Gold

1520

Organised by Wolsey and hugely expensive, this 2 week long festival was held just outside Calais. It allowed Henry and Francis I to show off to each other and splash their cash.

A secret treaty is signed at Bruges

1521

This followed a series of secret meeting between Henry's representative and Charles' representative and sought to establish a date for a war on France

England declares war on France

1522

The 2nd French War

Period: 1523 to 1525

Wolsey begins secret peace negotiations with France

Feb 1, 1524

Louise de Angouleme, the mother of Francis I, contacted Wolsey to begin secret negotiations via monk in February.

Wolsey's 'Amicable Grant' fails.

1525

-The Amicable Grant was initially a forced loan of around £800,000 total, that was not backed by Parliament.
-Wolsey tried to make it sound less scary by claiming it was a benevolence but it was too late.
- It caused widespread discontent: in Laversham 10,000 men participated in a serious uprising that threatened to spread.
-This meant that Wolsey had to publicly pardon the rebels and pay the leader's prison expenses after withdrawing the grant to avoid further unrest.

The Battle of Pavia

Feb 24, 1525

Fought between France and the Holy Roman Empire, it brought Charles V's side victory. The French suffered devastating losses and it marked the turn of the tide in English Foreign Policy

Henry requests the 'Great Enetrprise'

Apr 1, 1525

• Following the Battle, Henry asks Charles to divide up France between them and offers his daughter as a possible bride. Charles refused both offers and Henry was left to stew in his isolation.

The League of Cognac is formed

May 1, 1526

This was an anti-Spanish and anti-HRE league that England became a part of. While it didn't actually join the league it acted as 'protector' to prevent actually having to get involved in the fighting.

Treaty of Amiens

1527

This was an Anglo-French treaty and was part of the peace efforts that Wolsey was organising between the two countries, but it also cemented an alliance against Charles V and the HRE.

Henry secretly begins annulment proceedings against Catherine

1527

These involved the passage in exodus saying that you shouldn't marry your brothers wife and Wolsey writing to the Pope. A lot.

Treaty of Westminster

Apr 30, 1527

An Anglo-French treaty signed to cement their alliance against Charles V

Campeggio, a representative of the Pope, arrives in London to 'judge' the fitness of the Marriage.

Sep 29, 1528

Henry famously only informed Catherine about the annulment proceedings a few weeks before his arrival and she made only one appearance at the court, begging them not to break the marriage.

The Peace of Cambrai

Aug 3, 1529

This was between France and the Holy Roman Empire because they were both exhausted and had spent loads of money on the war. France abandoned its allies in the League of Cambrai by making this treaty.

Sir Thomas More becomes Chancellor

Oct 2, 1529

A charge of Praemunire is laid against Wolsey

Oct 9, 1529

Wolsey lose his post as Chancellor

Oct 18, 1529

The Reformation Parliament has its first session

Nov 3, 1529

Wolsey is ordered to Return to London

Nov 4, 1530

He had been at the archbishopric of York, were Henry had sent him following his removal of the chancellorship position.

Wolsey dies at Leicester

Nov 24, 1530

He had been returning to London but only got halfway there.

The English Clergy are all charged with praemenuire to bring them into line

1531

A defensive alliance is formed between England and France

1532

This was not very successful.

The First Act of Annates

Apr 1, 1532

This was the first of several acts that meant the taxes usually paid to the Pope were now being payed to the King

The Submission of the Clergy

May 15, 1532

The English Church surrendered its right to make church laws independently of the King.

Sir Thomas More resigns from the Chancellorship

May 16, 1532

This was in protest to the submission of the clergy

Henry marries Anne Boleyn

Jan 25, 1533

This was done secretly before the annulment occurred because Anne was pregnant.

The Marriage to Catherine is officially annulled

May 23, 1533

Princess Elizabeth is born

Sep 7, 1533

She would go on to become the last Tudor monarch

1st Act of Succesion

Mar 30, 1534

This declared Mary illegitimate and made Elizabeth next in line for the throne.

The Act of Supremacy

Nov 3, 1534

This declared Henry supreme head of the English Church.

Valor Ecliasticus

1535

This was led by Cromwell and was an evaluation of the church's wealth.

Henry More is executed for treason.

Jul 6, 1535

After refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy, Henry More was tried and executed for treason.

Dissolution of the Smaller Monasteries begins

1536

Anne Boleyn is executed

May 29, 1536

She had been accused of adultery with a variety of men, including her own brother.

Henry marries Jane Seymour

May 30, 1536

The Act of 10 Articles

Jul 1, 1536

These set out the rules that the Church of England would be following for the forseeable future.

The Pilgrimage of Grace

Period: Oct 1, 1536 to Oct 26, 1536

The Rebellion was partially for religious reasons, partially due to discontent with Cromwell's policies and partially due to the North wanting greater influence of politics.

Prince Edward is born

Oct 12, 1537

Edward would become the King, still in his minority, following his fathers death in 1547.

The Pope excommunicates Henry VIII by Papal Bull

Dec 17, 1538

Dissolution of the Larger monasteries begins

1539

The Act of 6 Articles is passed

1539

This affirmed 6 catholic beliefs, including transubstantiation, and made not following them punishable by law.

Henry's marriage to Anne of Cleves is arranged by Cromwell

Jul 6, 1540

It lasted 6 months and Henry and her remained on close terms following the annulment. It also secured Cromwell's downfall.

Cromwell is executed

Jul 28, 1540

This marked the return to concillar government and the beginning of factional infighting.

Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard

Jul 28, 1540

Henry VIII is declared King of Ireland

1541

Catherine Howard is executed for adultery

Feb 13, 1542

The Duke of Norfolk loots Scottish villages

Oct 21, 1542

These raids were part of the Anglo-Scottish war of the time .

The Battle of Solway Moss

Nov 24, 1542

This was between England and Scotland as a result of Henry's exasperation with James's pro-French and pro-Catholic policies. England won the Battle

The Treaty of Greenwich

Jul 1, 1543

This was a peace treaty between England and Scotland.
It incorporated a marriage treaty between Mary and Edward.

Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr

Jul 12, 1543

Catherine Parr acted more as a nursemaid, companion and protestant reformist than as a wife.
She was almost arrested for treason and heresy, but she managed to persuade Henry to forgive her and her accuser was arrested instead.
She died a year after Henry, giving birth to a daughter with her 3rd husband.

England returns to raiding Scotland

1544

This followed the voiding of the Treaty of Greenwich by the Scottish Parliament in December 1543

The 3rd French War

Period: 1544 to 1546

The Siege of Boulogne

Period: Jul 19, 1544 to Sep 14, 1544

This was partially revenge for the French's aid to Scotland during the war the previous year.

The Battle of Solent

Jul 19, 1545

This was also known as the attempted French Invasion of England. They only managed to land on the Isle of Wight and quickly returned to France after a brief naval shootout.

The Mary Rose sinks

Jul 19, 1545

She sank not far out of the bay and for no apparent reason.

The Treaty of Ardes

Jun 5, 1546

This officially ended the English war with France and Scotland. Boulogne was to remain English territory for 8 years and then would be restored to France in return for 2 million crowns.

Henry Dies

Jan 28, 1547