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13th Amendment (African Americans)
Aboloishment of slavery and involuntary servitude in any form, except as punishment, under the law of America. Freed slaves from slavery. -
14th Amendment (ALL)
Rights of citizenship, due process of law, and equal protection of the law. The 14th amendment is one of the most used amendments in court regarding the equal protection clause. -
15th Amendment (African Americans)
Voting rights could not be denied based on race, color, or their previous servitude for males. African Americans were allowed to vote; however, women of all races could not. -
Tuskegee Institute created (African Americans)
An opportunity for African Americans to receive higher education with academic and vocational (work) training. Founded by Booker T. Washington. -
Plessy v Ferguson (African Americans)
When Plessy refused to leave his seat to sit in the designated area for blacks, Ferguson made a case on him. The court has basically agreed to racial segregation being legal. African Americans were “separate but equal” according to that doctrine. This case divided African Americans from White Americans with everything: schools, water fountains, buses, communities, churches, taxis, jobs, restaurants, etc. -
NACCP created (African Americans)
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was a civil rights organization to bring attention to racial equality. It is the largest and oldest civil rights organization that has been fighting for the betterment of ‘people of color’, especially for African Americans, in the US. -
19th Amendment (Women)
This amendment ratified saying no sex can be discriminated when voting. This gave women the right to vote in the United States after they argued that African American men can so why cannot women. A big step in women's rights. -
Executive Order 9981 (African Americans)
President Truman abolished racial segregation in US military. During World War 1, African Americans were fighting separately from the whites even when they were on the same side. This order changed the lives of African Americans and other races as they were able to fight for the country with equality. -
Brown v. Board of Education (African Americans)
Supreme court case that made segregation in schools and public places illegal. This case overturned the Plessy vs Ferguson Case, “separate but equal” allowed segregation, and made segregation unconstitutional. Big step towards freedom and equality for African Americans, especially in the South. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott (African Americans)
1955-6 - A boycott in Montgomery, AL, where African Americans protested about segregation in the buses amongst white and blacks. Started off with the arrest of Rosa Parks that became famous leading to the boycott, It was a peaceful protest that lasted a little over a year. The boycott caused the economy for buses to decline as African Americans walked everywhere and had their own transportation set up. Due to this, segregation was taken away on the buses. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) formed (African Americans)
A Civil Rights organization founded by MLK Jr. in 1957 as an offshoot of the Montgomery Improvement Association, which successfully staged a 381 day boycott of the segregated bus system in Montgomery, AL. -
Little Rock 9 (African Americans)
Nine black students who were enrolled in all white Central High School in Little Rock, AR. They were denied entry by Governor Orval Faubus by calling the Arkansas National Guard. This led to President Eisenhower to send federal troops for escort and declared segregation unconstitutional from Brown v. Board of Education. -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed (African Americans)
A civil rights group that gave younger blacks more voice in the civil rights movement using nonviolent methods. SNCC was helped set up by Ella Baker who wanted a group for the younger blacks who weren’t fully a part of SCLC to make progress faster. -
Chicano Movement (Mural Movement) (Chicano)
Artists made murals to organzie against discrimination in education, employment, and the legal system by showing the Mexican-American culture throughout the southeast. -
Greensboro, NC sit-ins (African Americans)
Civil rights nonviolent protest led by African American college students who refused to leave at sit-in diners that were segregated in Greensboro, NC. This sit-in movement spread nationwide among young blacks and whites even though there were many arrests. By the end of July 1960, the young protesters successfully got desegregation from the sit-in movement. -
24th Amendment (African Americans)
Banned the poll tax as a voting requirement for African Americans in federal elections. This was a step in getting away from Jim Crow Laws as African Americans didn’t have to pay in order to vote anymore unlike white Americans. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (ALL)
President Johnson signed this act which outlawed segregation in public places, such as schools and workplaces. Prohibits any person from being discriminated by race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This brought equality amongst everyone in the US. -
Black Panthers (African Americans)
A revolutionary organization with an ideology of black nationalism, socialism, and armed self-defense. Founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, CA who dressed in black berets and black leather jackets with the Black Panther members as an organized armed citizen patrol. -
American Indian Movement (AIM) (Native Americans)
American Indians who wanted civil rights mostly because of land and tribal areas that have been taken away. They also faced inequality and differences culturally and traditionally. This peaceful movement argued they wanted independence, treaties, and sovereignty -
Sonia Sotomayor appointed to the Supreme Court (Chicano&Women)
First Hispanic member of the US Supreme Court and only the third woman to serve in the Supreme Court. She approved laws that she supported related to education. Before being in supreme court, she was a US District Court Judge, US Court of Appeals for 2nd circuit
